BASIC PRINCIPLES

OF
SANITARY/PLUMBIN
G DESIGN
Group 7
01. Building Plumbing System

02. Water Supply System

Piping System and

03. Materials

Plumbing Fixtures Codes

04. and Standards
 What is Plumbing?

Plumbing is an art of installing pipes, fixtures and apparatus to convey and

supply water and to dispose and discharge waste water or other liquids, and
gases out of the building in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way.
 01
Building Plumbing
System
4 MAIN TYPES OF PLUMBING SYSTEM

Two-pipe Single Stack

One-pipe Single Stack with Partial

Ventilation
 VENT PIPES

● Two major functions

- work alongside the

plumbing system

- to filter out foul-smelling

and harmful gases from the pipe
release outside the building.

● Also, known as anti-siphonic

pipes
 4 MAIN TYPE OF PLUMBING SYSTEM

Two – Pipe System One – Pipe System

- Good option for recycling - waste pipes and soil pipes

wastewater are connected to a common
pipe
- Two vertical pipes are
installed (soil pipe and - more expensive than a
waste pipe) single stack system
 4 MAIN TYPE OF PLUMBING SYSTEM

Single Stack System Single Stack Partially Ventilated System

- contains one pipe - modified version of the

single stack system
- simpliest and most
economical - a relief vent pipe is
installed at each of the
- all soil pipes and waste toilets providing
pipes lead into a single ventilation.
vertical pipe
 02
Water Supply System
 Water Supply System

- a system for the collection, transmission,

treatment, storage, and distribution of water
from sources to consumers, for instance,
homes, industries, irrigation facilities, and
public agencies for water-related activities.
 Source of Water

Ground Water Open well Hand Pump

Water is found Used to get water from Water-lifting devices

underground in the the shallowest level in that can be operated
cracks and spaces in that area, which is manually to withdraw
soil, sand, and rock. usually shallow water
unconfined aquifers
 Source of Water

Bore Well/Tube Well Surface Water

The rainwater that seeps Water that collects on

deep into the ground the ground or in a
and gets trapped stream, river, ponds, or
between the rock layers dam sites
 Classification of Water based on its Availability

Local Source Distant Source

- can be laid when a perennial, reliable,

- sources that are available at the and safe source is not available
village/town level, like rivers, ponds, open
wells, and borewells. - this bulk water is available from
rivers, ponds, dams, bore wells, or storage
tanks themselves, where water is available
 Water Treatment

● Water from the source is treated at the village level and even at the household
level if needed.

● There are various processes of treatment depending on the source and quality of
water in specific regions:

- Village/town level water treatment systems

- Treatment at the household level

 Water Supply Mechanism

● Pump House and Pumping Machinery:

- constructed for the security and safety of
machinery.

● Rising Main:
- the delivery line carrying water from pump to
storage tank
 Three Main Types of Distribution System

Dual/Combination

Pumping System both gravities, as well as

pumping systems, are
Gravity-Fed used
Distribution water is supplied by
continuous pumping
the ground level of the
water source is
sufficiently higher
than the core village
area
 Types of Distribution System

Distribution Lines Stand Post

lines carrying water are constructed of

from storage to its end masonry or concrete
use structures

Cattle Trough Bathing or Washing

Cubicles
are masonry structures
are generally constructed
to provide water to
to facilitate washing
cattle.
clothes and bathing
 Type of Water Supply

Continuous Intermittent

- there is a continuous water supply - supply of water is either done in the

(for 24 hours) whole village or town for fixed hours

- this is possible where an adequate - is followed when there is low water

quantity of water is available. availability
 03
Piping System and
Materials
 Piping System

-is generally considered to include the complete interconnection of pipes,

including in-line components such as pipe fittings and flanges

-the arteries of our industrial processes and are essential in an industrialized

society
 Pipe System Components

Pipe Pipe Fittings

defined as a tube made of used in pipe systems to connect straight
metal, plastic, wood, concrete pipe sections, adapt to different sizes or
or fiberglass shapes and for other purposes, such as
regulating (or measuring) fluid flow.
 Pipe System Components

Gaskets Flanges

an elastomeric component that connects piping and components in a

covers the intersection between piping system by use of bolted
two surfaces connections and gaskets
 Pipe System Components

Valves Bolting

keeps flanges together and keeps flanges together and avoiding

avoiding flange leakage problems flange leakage problems
 Piping Materials

The material to be used for pipe

manufacture must be chosen to suit
the operating conditions of the
piping system.
Cast Iron Soil Pipe

● Durable, conveniently installed and answer

to the most plumbing needs of all types of
buildings less than 25 storey high.

● Cast iron pipes are of two types:

SV type - used for building
installation
XV type - extra duty pipe used for
underground installation
Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

● Made from alloy of cast iron and silicon

● Used in chemical laboratories, industries

and other installations where acid waste are
discharge

● Brittle in character and requires stronger

support for each pipe installed horizontally
Asbestos Pipe

● Made of asbestos and portland cement

● It is twice thickness of standard cast iron

pipe

● Used as soil, waste, ventilation and

downspout
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

● Cheapest among the sewer pipes

● Recommended for house sewer and septic

tank installation

● Light in weight and slightly flexible

● which could take slight soil movement

without danger
Vitrified Clay Pipe

● Made out from clay, cast into length of 75

cm treated with glazing compound

● Heated in a large kiln under a temperature

of 1370° C

● Highly resistant to acid waste

● Durable material for underground

installations
Lead Pipe

● One of the oldest material used by the

Egyptians, the Greeks and Romans building
era as soil and waste pipe

● Highly resistant to acid and is suitable for

underground installation

● Never used to convey water for human

consumption
Galvanized Steel Pipe

● Made out from mild steel, drawn to a die

and welded, cast into 6m long.

● Easily corroded by alkaline and acid water

● Deteriorate faster when used as hot water

supply
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

● Better quality for plumbing installation;

and

● More resistant to acid waste than steel pipe

Brass Pipe

● Made of an alloy or zinc and copper mixed

at 15% and 85% proportion respectively

● Superior waste material for waste and water

supply installation

● Brass pipe fitting are of the recessed type

similar in design with galvanized steel pipe
Copper Pipe

● Durable and extremely corrosive resistant

material

● Depending on its wall thickness, it is

categorized by three types:
1) K type as the heaviest suitable for
underground installation
2) L type is lighter than K type available both in
rigid and flexible form. It is commonly used in
residential water supply and line and for radiant
heating installations
3) M type is the thinnest and available only in a
rigid form. It is designed for small water supply
lines and for radiant heating installations
Plastic Or Synthetic Pipe Stainless Steel Pipe

● It was introduced in the Philippines at the

early part of 70's, though this was
developed in Germany in the midyear of
1935.

● Superior as sewer and cold water pipe line.

 04
Plumbing Fixtures
Codes and Standards
 What is Plumbing Fixture

It is an exchangeable device (such as a sink, toilet, faucet, etc.) that is

attached to a system of pipes that carry water through a building.
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards

• Section 401: MATERIALS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

- Quality of Fixtures
- Should be dense, durable, non-absorbent materials and must have smooth,
impervious surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces.
- Porcelain enamel surfaces should be acid resistant
- Water Closet Bowls (public) should be elongated bowl types

• Section 402: MATERIALS ALTERNATIVES

- Special use fixtures
- Soapstone, chemical stoneware, copper base alloy, nickel-copper alloy,
corrosion-resisting steel.
- Restaurant Kitchen and Other Special-use Sinks
- G.I #16 U.S B & S or 16 mm thick
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards
• Section 403 – OVERFLOWS
- Overflow outlet waste should be arranged so that the standing water inside the
fixture cannot rise inside the overflow way
- Overflow pipe shall be connected to the house or inlet side of the fixture trap.
- Water Closet or Urinal flush tanks shall discharge into the bowls served

• Section 404- STRAINERS AND CONNECTIONS

- Strainers
- Sum of all the areas of the perforations of the strainer is equal to the outlet.
- Connections
- Slip joint connections - access panel or utility at least 0.3 meter in its least
dimension.
- Continuous waste and fixture tailpiece
-Shall not less than 38 mm O.D. for sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs,
and urinals.
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards

• Section 405 - PROHIBITED FIXTURES

- No WC with invisible seal or walls that are not thoroughly washed at each
discharge
- Through urinals and urinals with an invisible seal shall be prohibited
EXCEPTION: Non-water urinals

• Section 406- SPECIAL FIXTURES AND SPECIALTIES

- Water Connections shall be protected from back-siphonage.
- Wastewater Drain shall discharge direct to the ground and not connected to the
sanitary drainage system.
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards
• Section 407- INSTALLATION
- Cleaning pipes from fixtures should be parallel and close to the nearest building
line.
- Joints between the fixture and wall or floor shall be made watertight.
- Securing Fixtures
- Wall-Hung Fixtures shall be rigidly supported by metal to support members so
that no bending or pullout strain is transmitted to the wall.
- Setting
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards

• Section 408 –URINALS

- An approved type vacuum breaker shall protect every water supply to a urinal or
other approved backflow prevention device.
- Approved Automatic Flushing Tanks
- Flushometer Valves

• Section 409- FLOOR DRAINS AND SHOWER STALLS

- Floor drains, floor receptors and shower drains shall be of an approved type so
that it can provide a watertight joint in the floor.
- Thresholds shall be of sufficient width to accommodate a minimum 559-mm
wide door.
- All shower compartments shall have a minimum finished interior area of 0.6
square meter, and shall also be capable of encompassing a 762 mm diameter circle.
- Shower receptors built directly on the ground shall be watertight, constructed
from approved-type dense, non-absorbent and non-corrosive materials.
 Plumbing Fixtures Codes and Standards

• Section 410- PLUMBING FIIXTURES REQUIRED

- Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities.

• Section 411- WHIRLPOOL BATHTUBS

- All whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) A removable panel of sufficient dimension shall be provided for access to
the pump;
(b) The circulation pump shall be located above the crown weir of the trap,
(c) The pump and the circulation piping shall be self-draining to minimize
water retention;
(d) Suction fittings on whirlpool bathtubs shall comply with the listed
standards.
THANK YOU!