NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF
CONCTETE
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF
CONCRETE (NTD ON CONCRETE)
It is the method of testing existing concrete
structure to assess the strength and durability of
concrete structure.
In NDT without loading the specimen to failure we
can measure strength of concrete.
Now days this method has become a part of quality
control process.
This method helps us to investigate crack depth,
micro cracks, deterioration of concrete.
It requires skilled and experienced persons.
OBJECTIVES OF NDT
Estimating the in-situ compressive strength
Estimating the uniformity and homogeneity
Estimating the quality in relation to the standard
requirement
Identifying areas of lower integrity in comparison to other
parts
Detection of the presence of cracks, voids, and other
imperfections
Identification of reinforcement profile and measurement of
cover, bar diameter, etc.
Chloride, sulphate, alkali contents, or degree of carbonation
Measurement of Elastic Modulus
METHODS OF NDT
REBOUND HAMMER METHOD
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD
PENETRATION METHOD
RADIOACTIVE METHOD
REBOUND HAMMER METHOD
The Rebound Hammer Test is one of the non
destructive test used to check compressive
strength of concrete.
Provides a convenient and rapid indication of
compressive strength of concrete.
With the help of suitable correlations between
rebound index and compressive strength, the
compressive strength of concrete is found.
REBOUND HAMMER
PRINCIPLE
•The elastic mass depends on the hardness of the surface.
•It is related to the compressive strength of the concrete.
•The rebound value is designated as the rebound number
or rebound index.
•The results are significantly affected by :
Type of aggregate and cement
Angle of inclination of direction of hammer.
Surface and moisture condition of the concrete.
TEST PROCEDURE
The rebound hammer is first calibrated. The calibration
is done by testing the hammer against an anvil
Apply light pressure on the plunger and allow it to
extend to the ready position for the test.
Apply a gradual increase in pressure until the hammer
impacts.
Take the average of about 15 readings.
The reading is then noted and the test result is
correlated with compressive strength as shown in the
graph.
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
Average Rebound Number Quality of Concrete
> 40 Very Good Hard Layer
30 to 40 Good Layer
20 to 30 Fair
< 20 Poor Concrete
0 Delaminated
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•Simple and easy to use •Results are obtained based on a
• Can be completed local point
within a short period •Test result varies significantly
•Economical with the age of the concrete
•probe and spring arrangement will
require regular cleaning and
maintenance
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METHOD
UPV testing of concrete based on the pulse velocity method
to provide information on the uniformity of the concrete,
cavities cracks, and defects and other discontinuities.
This test method is applicable to assess the uniformity and
relative quality of concrete to indicate the present of voids
and cracks, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the cracks
repairs.
It is also applicable to indicate change in properties of
concrete and in the survey of structure to estimate the
severity of deterioration or cracking.
The pulse velocity ranges from 3 to 5 km/s
Frequency range of 15-175 KHZ
How it works?
In ultrasonic testing, an ultrasound transducer connected
to a diagnostic machine is passed over the object being
inspected.
The two transducer are placed on concrete surface by
three methods:
A. Direct transmission method: Both transducers are
placed opposite face of the concrete surface(see Fig. A)
B. Semi-direct transmission method: Both transducers are
placed adjacent faces of concrete surface. (see Fig. B)
C. Indirect or Surface transmission method: Both
transducers are placed same face of concrete surface. (see
Fig. C)
INTERPRETATION
FACTORS AFFECTING PULSE
VELOCITY MEASUREMENT
1. Smoothness of contact surface
2. Path length
3. Moisture condition of concrete
4. Temperature of concrete
5. Reinforcing Steel
APPLICATIONS OF THE ULTRASONIC
TESTING
Measurements of concrete uniformity
Used to detect the development of cracks in
structures
Detection of any voids or honeycombing in
concrete
Estimation of strength of concrete
Measurement of Elastic Modulus
Measurements of thickness of concrete slab
