FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY

(SIKOLOHIYANG FILIPINO)
WHAT IS FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY?

Filipino Psychology is defined as the

psychology rooted on the experience,
ideas, and cultural orientation of
the Filipinos.
It is a scientific study of ethnicity,
society and culture of people and the
application to psychological practice
of indigenous knowledge rooted in the
people’s ethnic heritage and
conciousness.
HISTORY
The roots of Filipino Psychology can be
traced back to the introduction of the American
education system in the Philippines. Agustin
Alonzo was among the first Filipino
psychologist to return from his education in
America (1925) to teach at the College of
Education in the University of the Philippines.
On 1960s, Filipino intellectuals and
scholars were already aware of the
limitations and inapplicability of Western
Psychology.
During the 1970s, or during the reign of
Marcos, Filipino Psychology started to
emerge.
WHO IS THE FATHER OF FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY?
Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez, also
known as Doc E, is the Father of
Filipino Psychology "Ama ng
Sikolohiyang Pilipino". He was born
on November 24, 1942 at Santol,
Balagtas formally Bigaa, Bulacan. He
is the founder of the Pambansang
Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino,
(corporate name: National
Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino,
Inc.).
Enriquez returned from his studies to the
Philippines in 1971 and established the
Philippine Psychology Research House
In 1975, the very first annual national
conference on Filipino Psychology was
held by the Pambansang Samahan sa
Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP) marking the
formalization of Filipino Psychology.
FORMS OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology in the Philippines (Sikolohiya
sa Pilipinas)
Psychology of the Filipinos (Sikolohiya
ng mga Pilipino)
Filipino Psychology (Sikolohiyang
Pilipino)
Psychology in the Philippines
(Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas)
It refers to a series of events related to the
field of psychology in the Philippines.
Ito ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang anyo ng
sikolohiya sa kontekstong Pilipino.
Ito rin ay tumutukoy sa lahat ng mga pag-
aaral, libro, at sikolohiyang makikita sa
Pilipinas, banyaga man o makapilipino.
Psychology of the Filipinos
(Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino)
It refers to any theories or knowledge of
Filipino nature regardless of source, western
or local.
Ito ang palasak na anyo sapagkat
pinakakaraniwan o pinakamadali makita.
Ito rin ay tumutukoy sa pananaliksik, pag-
aaral at mga konsepto sa sikolohiya na may
kinalaman sa mga Pilipino.
Filipino Psychology
(Sikolohiyang Pilipino)
It refers to a psychology based of the
Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings, behavior,
and must derived from indigenous Filipino
sources , language and method.
Nilalayong anyo, sikolohiyang bunga ng
karanasan, kaisipan at oryentasyong
Pilipino.
4 FILIATIONS OF FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY
Zeus Salazar (1985a), a historian, later examined the
history of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and came up with a
description of the four filiations of Philippine psychology:
 Academic-scientific psychology (Sikolohiyang Akademiko-
Siyentipiko)
 Academic-philosophical psychology (Sikolohiyang
Akademiko-Pilosopikal)
Ethnic psychology (Sikolohiyang Katutubo)
Psycho-medical system with religion (Sistemang
Sikomedikal at Relihiyon)
 Academic-Scientific Psychology
(Sikolohiyang Akademiko-Siyentipiko)

the Western tradition – This follows the

American-oriented psychological tradition
that can be traced back to Wilhelm
Wundt in 1876. It was introduced in the
Philippines through formal American
education system in universities.
 Academic-Philosophical Psychology
(Sikolohiyang Akademiko-Pilosopikal)
the clerical tradition – This was started by
priest-professors at the University of Santo
Tomas during the 17th century Spanish era.
This tradition originally came from the writings
of the preachers and monks in philosophy and
"pre-scientific" Spanish elites and would later
join with the American-oriented scientific
psychology.
Ethnic Psychology (Sikolohiyang Katutubo)
this is the Philippine indigenous psychology in the
sense that this includes the frame of psychological
reasoning, enculturation practices, beliefs, and proto-
clinical practices that can be culled from language,
literature, myths, legends, etc. This also includes
psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with
Filipino indigenous elements as basis (eg. Hermano
Pule, Rizal, Isabelo de los Reyes, Kalaw, etc.) and
Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the Filipino)
as formulated by Virgilio Enriquez.
Psycho-medical system with religion
(Sistemang Sikomedikal at Relihiyon)
A psychological tradition that is closely related to
ethnic psychology. The psycho-medical tradition that
has religion as the basis and explanation. This
includes the faith healing practices of the babaylan
and the katalonan. According to Salazar, he believes
that “no real healing could take place if there were
no common ideology or frame of reference…
understood and accepted by both healer and patient.
BASIC TENETS OF FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY
Core Value or Kapwa (shared inner self)
Pivotal Interpersonal Value
Linking Socio-personal Value
Accommodative Surface Values
Confrontative Surface Values
Societal Values
Core Value or Kapwa (shared inner
self)

Kapwa is the core construct of Filipino

Psychology. Kapwa has two
categories, Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang
Tao.
Ibang Tao (outsider)
There are five interaction levels under this category:
Pakikitungo: civility - right behavior meant right demeanor
towards authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.).
Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing - This is a social value that is
primarily communitarian. It espouses the ability to adapt.
Pakikilahok: act of joining - This translates to participation of
the entire community to help a person.
Pakikibagay: conformity - This runs into conflict with
individuality which many Filipinos in fact willingly throw away in
favor of conformity with demands of those who are in charge.
Pakikisama: being united with the group.
Hindi Ibang Tao (one of us)

There are three interaction levels under this

category:
Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust
Pakikisangkot: act of joining others
Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others
Pivotal Interpersonal Value or
Pakiramdam (shared inner perceptions)

Filipinos use damdam, or the inner

perception of others' emotions, as a basic
tool to guide their dealings with other
people.
Linking Socio-personal Value
Kagandahang-Loob (shared humanity)

This refers to being able to help other

people in dire need due to a perception of
being together as a part of one Filipino
humanity.
Accommodative Surface Values
Hiya: Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western
psychologists, Hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'.
Utang na loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected
by their neighbors to return favors—whether these were
asked for or not—when it is needed or wanted.
Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal
Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and
1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with
the majority.
Confrontative Surface Values
Bahala na: Bahala Na translates literally as "leave it up to
God (Bathala)" and it is used as an expression, almost
universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in the
bahala na attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping
strategy when faced with challenging situations.
Lakas ng loob: This attitude is characterized by being
courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.
Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent
clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake
revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy.
Societal Values
Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to
what other people see in a person and how they use that
information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth.
Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people
judge a person of his/her worth. This compels a common Filipino
to conform to social norms, regardless how obsolete they are.
Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person
judges his own worth.
Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually refers to
equity in giving rewards to a person.
Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the
less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).
What is Psychopathology?
Filipino psychopathology, or sikopatolohiya in
Filipino, from Spanish psicopatologia, is the
study of abnormal psychology in the Filipino
context. Several mental disorders have been
identified that culture-bound syndromes, and
can therefore be found only in the Philippines or
in other societies with which Filipinos share
cultural connections.
Example
Amok: Malayan mood disorder, more aptly
called "Austronesian Mood Disorder", in
which a person suddenly loses control of
himself and goes into a killing frenzy, after
which he/she hallucinates and falls into a
trance. After he/she wakes up, he has
absolutely no memory of the event.
Bangungot: A relatively common occurrence in
which a person suddenly loses control of his
respiration and digestion, and falls into
a coma and ultimately to death. The person is
believed to dream of falling into a deep abyss at
the onset of his death. This syndrome has been
repeatedly linked to Thailand's Brugada
syndrome and to the ingestion of rice. However,
no such medical ties have been proven.
Manifestation of universal mental
disorders
Filipino psychopathology also refers to the
different manifestations of mental disorders
in Filipino people. One example of such is
the manifestation of depression and schizo-
phrenia in Filipinos, which are, for the most
part, less violent.
ACTIVITY
WHO IS THE
FATHER OF FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY?
IT IS INTRODUCED IN THE
PHILIPPINES THROUGH
FORMAL AMERICAN
EDUCATION SYSTEM.
IN WHAT YEAR DID AGUSTIN
ALONZO RETURN FROM
AMERICA TO TEACH IN THE
UNIVERSITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES?
DR. VG ENRIQUEZ IS THE
FOUNDER OF __________.
WHAT ARE THE 3 FORMS OF
FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY?
HE EXAMINED THE HISTORY
OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
AND CAME UP WITH A
DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUR
FILIATIONS OF PHILIPPINE
PSYCHOLOGY
IT IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL
TRADITION THAT IS
CLOSELY RELATED TO
ETHNIC PSYCHOLOGY
HE EXAMINED THE HISTORY
OF SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
AND CAME UP WITH A
DESCRIPTION OF THE FOUR
FILIATIONS OF PHILIPPINE
PSYCHOLOGY