Methods of teaching
LECTURE METHOD &
DISCUSSION METHOD
PREPARED BY:
MS. PURVI PATEL
MBNC
Introduction:
Every teachers creates their own way or method
of teaching. One can not teach well by copying a
method which proved effective for someone else.
Teaching approach, teaching technique, teaching
strategy, teaching method: (used interchangeably
but actually differ slightly from each other.)
Teaching approach: long term plan of action
designed to achieve a particular goal.
Teaching technique: Well defined procedure
used to accomplish a specific activity or task.
Teaching approach: one’s viewpoint towards
teaching to what one believe in, regarding
teaching, upon which teaching behaviors are
based.
Teaching method: a series of related and
progressive acts performed by a teacher and
students to achieve the objective of the lesson.
Teaching approach:
Teaching
approach
Teacher Learner
centered centered
approach approach
Principles of selection of teaching
method:
Suitable to the objectives and the content of
the course
Adapted to the capacity of the students
Accord with sound psychological principles
Used creatively
Characteristics of selecting a teaching
method:
Impart knowledge in an efficient knowledge.
Create genuine attachment to work and a desire to
do.
Provide opportunity for students to learn actively.
Provoke thinking and clear expression both in
speech and writing
Train the learner in the techniques of study,
methods of acquiring knowledge through personal
effort and initiative.
Adopts methods of instruction
Provide opportunity to students to work in groups
and carry out group projects.
method
• Make the individual to put more efforts
with little guidance by teacher
Individualized
method
• Students is allowed to learn by himself in
natural setting
Natural learning
method
• Emphasize more on understanding and
lesser on students activity.
Expository
method
• Based on high activity on the part of the
teacher
Inspirational
Classification of methods of teaching:
• a group of students works on problem and
method
come out with the result report. Group
• Many dimensions like learner activity,
experience, experimentation by the learner
methods
and cognitive understanding. For solving the
problem the learner learns the rationale and
Discovery
logic.
• Experience through confrontation or
encounter and learner activity. Effective for
method
change in basic behavioral patterns and
developing new ways of looking at things.
Encounter
Teaching method
in nursing
education
Classroom setting Clinical setting
Teacher
Student centered Clinical teaching
centered
method
methods Bed side clinic
Case study
Nursing care plan
Nursing rounds
Group conference
Teacher Students
centered centered
methods methods
Lecture Discussion
Demonstration Group discussion
Class discussion Seminar
Symposium
Panel discussion
Conference
Role play
Work shop
Project methods
LECTURE METHOD
DEFINITION:-
According to authors,
“Lecture is a teaching activity
whereby the teacher presents the
content in a comprehensible manner by
explaining the facts, principles, &
relationships, during which the teacher
is expected to elicit student
participation by employing appropriate
techniques.”
Even though teacher talks more or less
continuously to the class, lecturing is not
simply a one way transmission of
information .In addition to listening &
writing notes, effective lecturing allow
the students to interact with the
teacher
PURPOSES:-
ASSIST IN
PROVIDE PROMOTE
PREPARING
STRUCTURE CRITICAL
STUDENTS FOR
KNOWLEDGE THINKING
A DISCUSSION
MOTIVATE &
GUIDE IN CLARIFY
HUNTING DIFFICULT
KNOWLEDGE CONCEPTS
AROUSE INTRODUCE
STUDENTS STUDENTS TO
INTEREST IN A NEW AREAS OF
SUBJECT LEARNING
Principles of lecture method:
• Based on aim, nobody like aimless
Principle of aim lecture.
• Activity participant
Principles of activity
Principles of • Subject matter of topic which is
correlation sort to be taught.
Principles of looking • Good lectures are always
ahead prognostics
Good lectures need • Prepared with physically, socially,
effective preparation emotionally and spiritually
PREPARATION OF THE LECTURE:-
The goal of lecturing is communication & it is
more effective if it is prepared beforehand
The teacher should know exactly what points she
wants to make in what order & with what
emphasis.
The teacher should have scheme for each
lecture in mind, not simply as a number of pages
to be read over but visualized as a well
articulated structure of though
To many topics may hide the main topic from
view.
CONTI…….
To many topics may hide the main topic from
view.
Time distribution is needed to the various sub-
topics to make sure that the essential topics
are covered.
Lecture should contain an introduction to help
to establish rapport with the class.
The introduction may be a preview of the main
topic to be covered.
Introduction can serve as a means of getting
the class started promptly
CONTI……
Some difficult statement of all critical points
may be written on the lecture plan for the
reading.
If A.V.Aid material are to be used it should be
prepared & tested before the lecture.
Characteristics of the lecture method
Organized presentation
Used to cover the subject
matter
Adaptable to large group
Conserve time
Results are easy to check
TECHNIQUES OF LECTURE:-
Voluntary dissemination or spontaneity
Voice gradation & voice quality
Adequate pacing
Proper body language
TECHNIQUES Control annoying mannerisms
Judicious use of audio-visual aids
Simple plans & key points
Elicit feedback from students
Providing further clarification
Time management
ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE
METHOD
It is an efficient method of teaching where
one teacher can communicate with the large
number of students.
It is time saving.
The teacher can plan exactly the presentation
in advance.
A well presented lecture may increase the
student’s motivation.
It covers a large group of student.
CONTI…….
It enables to present large amount of
information in a short time.
It gives a feeling of security
It helps in giving illustration &inspirational
talk & review of work
A large number of students can be
accommodated at one time.
Lectures contain experiences which inspires.
It stimulates thinking to open discussion.
DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE METHOD
Keeps the students in passive situation.
Doesn’t facilitate learning how to solve problem
Offer hardly any possibility of checking learning
progress.
Doesn’t allow for individual place of learning.
Students may not feel that they are able to ask
questions as they arise during lecture.
Communication is one way.
CONTI……
Decrease student involvement in learning when
content is readily available & easy to
understand.
Students can find lectures boring causing
them to lose interest.
STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE
DISADVANTAGES
Emphasis higher level
intellectual skill
Signposting for clear
direction
Make lectures more
interactive
Less memorizing of facts &
more construction of meaning
DISCUSSION METHOD
INTRODUCTION:-
Discussion is a student centered
teaching method & it is very useful in
teaching nursing. A discussion is a
conversation with a focal point such as a
specific topic, question, concept or
problem in which there is a sincere
desire to arrive at a decision
CONTI……
Discussion is a democratic
method of teaching which may be used.
For a teaching a particular subject
To supplement a lecture
In connection with an observation visit
& case study
For a panel discussion.
TYPES:-
TYPES
FORMAL INFORMAL
PRINCIPLES:-
There should be a clear defined objective for
discussion which should be understood by the all
participant.
There should be a leader to guide & co-ordinate
the class.
The main point in the discussion should be
recorded.
Everyone should feel free to participate.
The shy person of the group should be
encouraged to be contribute.
CONTI……
Discussion should keep to the point
It should be properly closed with the report,
decision, recommendation of the matter
discussed.
The member of group should come to the
conclusion with the basic knowledge of the
topic to be discussed.
PURPOSES OS DISCUSSION:-
1. TO TEACH CONTEXT SPECIFIC INTERPRETATION
& APLLICATION OF PRINCIPLES, THEORIES &
CONCEPTS
2. ASSIST STUDENTS TO DEVELOP, EXPRESS &
VALIDATE THEIR OPINIONS OR BELIEF
REGARDING LEGAL, ETHICAL & CONTROVERSIAL
ISSUES IN NURSING
3. TO CLARIFY INFORMATION & CONCEPTS
4. TO SHARE INFORMATION
5. TO FASTER DEMOCRATIC VALUES
CONTI….
6. TO DEVELOP TEAM BUILDING & SOCIAL
SKILLS
7. DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT ATTITUDE
8. TO DEVELOP PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS
AS A GROUP
9. TO AROUSE STUDENTS’ INTEREST
TYPES OR FORMS OF DISCUSSION
GROUP DISCUSSION
PANNEL DISCUSSION
STUDY GROUP
WORK SHOP
STAFF MEETING
ROUND TABLE
ADVANTAGES
EMPHASIS ON LEARNING
INSTEAD OF TEACHING
PARTICIPATION BY EVERY BODY
DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRATIC
WAY OF THINKING
TRAINING IN REFLECTIVE
THINKING
TRAINING IN SELF EXPRESSION
SPIRIT OF TOLERANCE IS
INCULCATED
TRAINING IS MADE INTERESTING
LIMITATIONS:-
All types of topics cannot be taught by
discussion method.
This method cannot be used for teaching small
children.
The students may not follow the rules of
discussion.
Some students may not take part while others
may try to dominate.
The teacher may not be able to guide &
provide true leadership in the discussion
THANK YOU
