SUPERVISION

BY: Ellen Mae M. Cabading

 OBJECTIVES:
• Identify the importance, principles
and functions of supervision.
• Understand the roles of supervisor.
• Recognize the types of supervisory
planning process, control and quality.
“Supervision” is overseeing. The word “super “ means above
and “video” means to see or seeing, directing, investigating,
guiding, helping and advising.
• A two way dynamic and social process.

• Guiding and directing efforts of employees and other

resources to accomplish stated work aspects.(Terry and

Franklin)

• A cooperative relationship between a leader and one or more

persons to accomplish a particular purpose. (Lamberson)

Supervision is primarily concerned with overseeing or watching

the performance of workers under his/her control. He/she plays

an important role in the management set up. He/she is the person

who is directly connected with the workers and acts as a vital

link between the management and workers.

OBJECTIVES OF SUPERVISION:
• To see that a particular work or task is being done in
the expected manner.
• Delivery of high quality of health care services
• Development of staff to their highest potential.
• To interpret policies, objectives, needs.
• To develop standards of service and methods.
• To plan services cooperatively.
• To assist in problem solving.
• To evaluate the services.
Principles of Supervision
• Supervision should not be overburdened to any individual or
group.
• Supervision causing unreasonable pressure for achievements
result in low performance and low confidence in the
supervisor.
• Supervise diagnosis do not overestimate his understanding
and memory.
• Human behavior with due consideration to human
weaknesses. This should be kept in minds of supervisors.
• Supervisors should create atmosphere of cordially and mutual trust.

• Supervision should be planned and adopted to the changing conditions. It calls

for good planned and organization

• Supervisor must process sound professional knowledge.

• Supervision to be exercised without giving the subordinate a sense that they

are being supervised.

• Supervision strives to make the unit a good learning situation. It should be a

teaching- learning process.

• Supervision should foster the ability of each staff member to think and
act for herself/himself.
• Supervision should encourage workers to participation in decision making.
• Supervision needs good communication.
• Supervision should have strength to influence downwards depends on
capacity influence upward.
• Supervision is a process of cooperation and coordination.
• Supervision should create suitable climate for productive work.
• Supervision should give autonomy to workers depending on
personality, competence and characteristics.
• Supervision should respect the personality of the staff.
• Supervision should stimulate the workers/staff ambitions to grow in
effectiveness.
• Supervision should focus on continued stag growth and development.
• Supervision is responsible for checking and guidance.
• Good leadership is part of good supervision.
FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION

• Administrative functions
• Teaching
• Helping
• Linking
• Evaluation
 Functions of Supervision

• Orientation of newly posted staff

• Assessment of workload
• Assess need of supplies and equipment’s
• Co-ordination with worker
• Evaluation of worker.
• Helping individual to cope with problem.
• Facilitate flow of communication
• Raise the level of motivation.
• Establish control and confidence
• Record keeping
A supervisor plays multiplinary role:

As a Planner - A supervisor has to plan the daily work schedules in the company/unit. At the
same time he has to divide the work to various workers according to their abilities.

As a Manager - It is righty said that a supervisor is a part of the management team of an

enterprise. He is, in fact, an operative manager.

As a Guide and Leader - A supervisor leads the workers by guiding them the way of perform
their daily tasks. In fact, he plays a role of an inspirer by telling them.

As a Mediator - A Supervisor is called a linking pin between management and workers. He is

the spokesperson of management as well as worker.
As an Inspector - An important role of supervisor is to enforce discipline in
the factory. For this, the work includes checking progress of work against
the time schedule, recording the work performances at regular intervals and
reporting the deviations if any from those.

As a Counselor - A supervisor plays the role of a counselor to the worker’s

problem. He has to perform this role in order to build good relations and co-
operation from workers.
 TYPES OF SUPERVISION:

(1) Direct supervision – is a term that is used to refer to situations in which a

supervisor is present at all times. The supervisor oversees activities as they
occur and provides constant direction, feedback, and assistance

(2) Indirect supervision- is characterized by some form of authority over the

work of employees not under direct supervision. In other words, the
"supervisor" who provides indirect supervision is responsible for the work, but
not for the worker
1.Autocratic or Authoritarian supervision:
Under this type, the supervisor wields absolute power and wants complete
obedience from his subordinates. He wants everything to be done strictly according
to his instructions and never likes any intervention from his subordinates.

2. Laissez-faire or free-rein supervision:

This is also known as independent supervision. Under this type of supervision,
maximum freedom is allowed to the subordinates. The supervisor never interferes
in the work of the subordinates.
3. Democratic supervision:
Under this type, supervisor acts according to the mutual consent and discussion or in
other words he consults subordinates in the process of decision making. This is also
known as participative or consultative supervision. Subordinates are encouraged to give
suggestions, take initiative and exercise free judgment.

4. Bureaucratic supervision:
Under this type certain working rules and regulations are laid down by the supervisor
and all the subordinates are required to follow these rules and regulations very strictly.
A serious note of the violation of these rules and regulations is taken by the supervisor.
 SUPERVISORY PLANNING PROCESS

Manpower
Operational planning requires an analysis of manpower needs. A supervisor will
determine how many players he needs, as well as what skills each player will
bring to the project.
Scheduling
Once the manpower needs have been addressed, the supervisor will set a schedule
based on the production needs. Scheduling is an integral component of a
successful project. Different teams are co-dependent on the completed work of
others, so timing can be critical.
Communication
Communication may be the most key role of the supervisor in operational planning. To
function effectively, a team needs a comprehensive understanding of the long- and short-
term goals and the processes by which it will fulfill those goals.
Oversight
A good supervisor always knows where his project stands at any time. Though he
performs an oversight role, he needs to become hands-on if a situation arises. It is the
responsibility of the supervisor to ensure quality standards are met and project deadlines
are realized.
 Supervisory Planning for resources Use

• Full use of human resources

• Efficient use of space.

• Employee work schedules.

• Use of other major physical resources.

• Safe working environment.

• Improvement work procedures and method.

• Use and security of material, supplies and date.

S U P E RV I S O RY Q U A L I T Y A N D C O N T R O L

A Q U A L I T Y C O N T R O L ( Q C ) S U P E RV I S O R I S R E S P O N S I B L E F O R M O N I T O R I N G
P R O D U C T I O N , A N D C O O R D I N AT I N G T H E A C T I V I T I E S O F W O R K E R S W H O A R E
I N V O LV E D I N I N S P E C T I N G M AT E R I A L S A N D E N S U R I N G T H AT T H E Y M E E T T H E
Q U A L I T Y S TA N D A R D S S P E C I F I E D B Y T H E C O M PA N Y.
A . E S TA B L I S H I N G P E R F O R M A N C E S TA N D A R D S :

1 . A S TA N D A R D O U T L I N E S W H AT I S E X P E C T E D
2 . S TA N D A R D S A R E U S U A L LY E X P R E S S E D I N T E R M S O F Q U A N T I T Y,
Q U A L I T Y, O R T I M E L I M I TAT I O N S
3 . S TA N D A R D S TA K E I N T O A C C O U N T M O R E T H A N J U S T W O R K
4 . M A N Y M E T H O D S F O R S E T T I N G A R E AVA I L A B L E I N C L U D I N G T H E
J U D G M E N T O F T H E S U P E RV I S O R , A N A LY S I S O F H I S T O R I C A L D ATA , A N D
EMPLOYMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING METHODS
Steps in the Controlling Process

B. Monitoring performance:

• Provides information about what is actually happening

2. Monitoring must be done often enough to provide adequate information but not so often as to

become too expensive or threatening to employees

3. Some methods for monitoring performance are reports, audits, budgets, and personal

observations

C. Taking corrective action

:1.. If standards are not being met, the supervisor must find the cause and take corrective action
2. If performance exceeds standards, a supervisor might provide positive reinforcement
3. When performance is below standards, the supervisor usually takes increasingly
harsh actions
4. Supervisors should fully explain why a corrective action is necessary.

Tools for Supervisory Control

Budgets
:1. A budget is a statement of expected results or requirements expressed in financial or
numerical terms
2. The danger of a budget is that it can be used to be inflexible or to hide inefficiencies
Written reports:
1. Supervisors may prepare reports for upper management or receive reports
from subordinates
2. Reports may be periodic or prepared as necessary
3. Analytical reports interpret the facts they present, but informational reports
only present the facts
4. Unnecessary reports can present a substantial waste of resources

Supervisory Control In Practice

Areas of control depend on the supervisor’s areas of responsibility. Two common
areas are quality assurance and inventory control
Cont....
a. Quality assurance: includes everything that an organization does to
assure the quality of its products and services
b. Inventory control: is concerned withmaintaining an adequate but not too
excessive amount of inventory.
 Quality and the Supervisor
Types of Quality Control
1. Product quality: control is used to evaluate a batch of products that already exist.
It typically involves accepting or rejecting an entire batch based on a sample
2. Process quality control: is used to check machines and/or processes to ensure that
they are operating within certain pre-established tolerances
3. Quality of services: may be checked by calling customers to see how they would
rate the quality of service
 Quality and the Supervisor
Quality Guidelines
The key to the prevention of quality problems is employee involvement
1. Make sure employees have received proper training
2. Start new employees off right
3. Keep employee relations on an individual basis
4. Don’t settle for less than desired
5. Communicate the value of top quality
6. Perform thorough inspections
7. Encourage suggestions
8. Learn from the past
9. Solicit the help of other departments and supervisors
10. Assign individual responsibility wherever possible
11. Set the example
l

LINKS:

• https://www.scribd.com/presentation/314716749/Supervision

• https://www.scribd.com/document/318908896/Supervision-and-Management

• https://smallbusiness.chron.com/tasks-five-phases-project-management-52690.html

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