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Propositions and Symbols

Here are the main logical symbols used in propositions: - ¬ (not) - used to negate or reverse the truth value of a proposition - ∧ (and) - used to join two propositions such that both must be true - ∨ (or) - used to join two propositions such that at least one must be true - → (implies) - used to form a conditional proposition ("if P then Q") - ↔ (if and only if) - used to form a biconditional proposition ("P if and only if Q") - ∃ (there exists) - used in existential propositions to assert the existence of something - ∀ (

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56 views28 pages

Propositions and Symbols

Here are the main logical symbols used in propositions: - ¬ (not) - used to negate or reverse the truth value of a proposition - ∧ (and) - used to join two propositions such that both must be true - ∨ (or) - used to join two propositions such that at least one must be true - → (implies) - used to form a conditional proposition ("if P then Q") - ↔ (if and only if) - used to form a biconditional proposition ("P if and only if Q") - ∃ (there exists) - used in existential propositions to assert the existence of something - ∀ (

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Miss Kate Nicole
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PROPOSITIONS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• illustrate a proposition;
• distinguish between simple and compound proposition;
• create propositions using logical connectives; and
• manifest the value of analytical and critical thinking in
classifying propositions.
REBUS

 is a picture representation of a name, work, or


phrase.
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTVWXYZ
REBUS
REBUS
REBUS

T I M E

abde
PROPOSITION

is a declarative sentence that can be classified


as a true or false, but not both.
Decide whether each of the following is a
proposition or is not a proposition.

• The number 4 is even and less than 12.


• Malolos is the capital of Bulacan.
• How old are you?
• Open your eyes?
• Aaron’s solution is incorrect.
Paradox- a self –contradictory proposition

Example: This Article is false


Types of Propositions

• Simple Proposition- a proposition that conveys one


thought with no connecting words.
• Compound proposition- contains two or more simple
propositions that are put together using connective
words.
Decide whether simple or compound
propositions.

• Rowena is passing in Mathematics.


• He has green thumb and he is not a senior citizen.
• Malolos is the capital of Bulacan.
Types of Statement

• Conjunction
- two simple propositions using the word and.
Example: Tony is absent and it is examination day.
• Disjunction
- two simple propositions using the word or.
Example: Either jay passed the test, or Lina passed the test.
• Conditional- two simple propositions that are connected using
the words if…then.
If my brother pays the rental, then I pay the tuition fees.
• Biconditional- conjunction of two conditional statement
where the antecedent and consequent of the first of the
first statement have been switched in the second
statement. (iff)
Example: A triangle has an angle measure greater than 90
degrees if only if it is an obtuse triangle
• Negation- the negation of a given statement is a
statement that is false whenever the given statement is
true, and true whenever the statement is false. (not)
Example: Her Aunt’s name is not Lucia
ACTIVITY:Classify each propositions as a simple or compound. Classify
each proposition as a negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional or
biconditional.

• My friend took his master’s degree in Spain.


• Roses are red, but violets are blue.
• You are entitled to a 30% discount if you are a
member.
• Roel was on time, but Tom was late.
ACTIVITY:Classify each propositions as a simple or compound. Classify
each proposition as a negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional or
biconditional.

• Either he watches a movie or dines with his friends.


• If it is an acute angle, then it measures less than 90
degrees.
• Herbert is not good.
• Two sides of a triangle are congruent if and only if
two angles opposite them are congruent.
Synthesis
• What is proposition?
• How do you differentiate simple and compound
proposition?
• How can you determine what type of compound
proposition is?
Evaluation

Create 5 simple propositions and 5 compound


propositions (using each type of statement).
ASSIGNMENT

What are the different symbols in


propositions.

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