Conservation of Energy
UNIT – I
Need to Conserve Energy
Waste a lot of energy in our daily usage
either by not turning off when not in use
or
by utilizing old and inefficient appliances - consume large amount of energy
or
by not switching off the vehicle engine
• Energy needs to be conserved not only to cut costs but also to preserve the resources for longer use.
Most of the energy - generated from coal powered power plants.
do generate energy but also pollute the environment by emitting harmful gases in the atmosphere.
toxic gases are just not only harmful to the environment
but also cause serious health concern to humans and animals.
Every year millions of people die due to the presence of toxic substances in the air that we breathe.
Air pollution therefore is one of the serious environmental issues that we are facing today.
Need to Conserve Energy
Resources - available today should be used economically
to conserve them for future use since they are limited and will expire
Have been using these resources at such a high rate that we might end up using them much sooner.
Resources such as coal, oil and gas are not sustainable.
might not be available for future generation.
Therefore, have a responsibility in hand to conserve and save energy
to make it available for our kids and
protect our environment from further degradation.
Need to Conserve Energy - INDIA
increasing demand for power - led to considerable fossil fuels burning which has in turn had an
adverse impact on environment
efficient use of energy and its conservation is of paramount importance.
estimated that nearly 25,000 MW can be saved by implementing end-use energy efficiency and
demand side management measures through out India.
Efficient use of energy and its conservation - greater importance
1 unit of energy saved at the consumption level reduces the need for fresh capacity creation by 2 times to
2.5 times.
such saving through efficient use of energy - achieved at less than one-fifth the cost of fresh capacity
creation.
Energy efficiency would, therefore, significantly supplement our efforts to meet power
requirement, apart from reducing fossil fuel consumption.
Need to Conserve Energy - INDIA
Economic development of a country - closely linked to its consumption of energy.
India ranks sixth in the world as far as total energy consumption
Still needs much more energy to keep pace with its development objectives.
India’s projected economic growth rate is commendable.
necessitates commensurate growth in the requirement of commercial energy
most of which is expected to be from fossil fuels and electricity
India’s proven coal reserves may last for more than 200 years
but the limited known oil and natural gas reserves may last only 18 years to 26 years - a cause of
concern.
continued trend of increasing share of petroleum fuels in the consumption of commercial energy
bound to lead to more dependence on imports and energy insecurity.
Need to Conserve Energy - INDIA
India’s energy intensity per unit of GDP is higher as compared to Japan, U.S.A. and Asia by 3.7 times, 1.55 times and 1.47 times respectively.
indicates inefficient use of energy but also substantial scope for energy savings.
The increasing global trade liberalisation and growing global competition
have made productivity improvement, including energy cost reduction, an important benchmark for economic success.
Therefore, a paradigm shift in our approach to energy policy issues is needed
A SHIFT FROM A SUPPLY DOMINATED ONE TO AN INTEGRATED APPROACH.
This integrated approach would have to incorporate a judicial mix of investment in the
supply side capacity
operational efficiency improvements of existing power generating stations
reduction of losses in transmission and distribution
end-use efficiency
renewable technologies.
The policy goals and concepts would have to be shifted
from “energy conservation” to “energy efficiency”,
from “energy inputs” to the “effectiveness of energy use” and “energy services”.
Creation of new power generation capacity is costly and necessitates long gestation period
whereas energy efficiency activities can make available additional power
at comparatively low investments within a short period of time.
Electricity Act 2003
The primary objective of this Act is to
It encompasses many considerations
introduce genuine competition between
various generating companies - so as to Meeting the social objectives.
reduce the cost of generated power
increase efficiencies and pass on the benefit
Economic allocation of resources.
to the consumer in the long run. Earning a fare rate of return on assets.
Ability to absorb market fluctuations.
Encourage conservation.
Electricity Act 2003
The Electricity Act, 2003
Has declared Electricity as an Industry and all streams of the Electricity sector as individual profit centres.
It provides freedom to generate, freedom to sell and freedom to procure electricity.
Under this Act, power sourcing is no more a single buyer model.
The Act stipulates a greater role for the private sector.
There could be multiple licensees in distribution and also a parallel network by different distribution
licensees servicing the same area.
Trading is permitted as a distinct activity.
Tariff has to be rationalized and cross subsidies have to be eliminated over a period of time.
A multi-year tariff framework has been introduced.
SERC (State Electricity Regulatory Commission) has been made mandatory and it has the power for granting
licenses as well as for tariff fixation.
Energy Conservation Act - 2001
The Act provides the legal framework, institutional arrangement and a
regulatory mechanism at the Central and State level to embark upon the
energy efficiency drive in the country
Enacted on 1st October 2001
Become effective from 1st March 2002.
Objective of providing necessary legal framework for promoting energy
conservation measures in the country.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE) operationalized from1st March2002.
Purpose of the EC Act - 2001
The purpose of this act is to provide for efficient use of energy and its conservation.
Provide a policy framework and direction to national energy conservation
Coordinate policies and programs on efficient use of energy with stakeholders.
Establish systems and procedures to verify measure and monitor EE improvements.
Leverage multilateral, bilateral and private sector support to implement the EC Act
Demonstrate EE delivery systems through public-private partnerships.
TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE COUNTRY .
Important Features
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)
Standards & Labeling (S & L)
Demand Side Management (DSM)
Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY).
Promoting Energy Efficiency in Small & Medium Enterprise (SMEs).
Designated Consumers
Certification of Energy Managers & Energy Auditors.
Standards and Labeling
Evolve minimum energy consumption and
performance standards for notified
equipment & appliances.
Prohibit manufacture and sale of
equipment & appliances not conforming to
standards.
Introduce mandatory labeling to Enable
consume to make informed choice.
Designated Consumer
Designated Consumers to :
Get energy audit by Accredited energy audit firms and energy audit conducted by an
accredited energy auditor.
Implement cost effective recommendations
Appoint or designate energy manager
Comply with energy consumption norms
By regulations BEE to prescribe:
Qualification and certification procedure for Energy Manager & Energy Auditors.
Accreditation procedure for Energy Audit firms.
Energy Conservation Building Code
BEE to prepare guidelines on ECBC -.
To provide minimum requirements for the energy efficient design and construction of
buildings.
Mandatory for commercial buildings having connected
load of >=500KW or contract demand of >=600 KVA.
Also applicable for air- conditioned area of >=1000 sq.mt. Including existing bldgs .
Energy Conservation Fund
To set up Energy Conservation Fund for providing :
Promotion of Energy Service Companies.
Research & Development Demonstration.
Creation of testing facilities Awareness Creation.
Bureau of Energy Efficiency -BEE
Important Roles include:
Implementation of provisions of Energy Conservation Act.
Quick coordination.
Policy research.
Promotion of Energy Efficiency.
Development of new financial instruments.
Development of ESCOs.
The primary objective would be to reduce energy intensity in Indian Economy.
Awareness Creation.
Role of BEE
Prepare standards & labels
labels of appliances and equipment,
develop a list of designated consumer,
specify certification and accreditation procedure,
preparing building codes,
maintain central EC fund
undertake promotional activities in co-ordination with central and state level agency
The role would include development of (Energy Service Companies)ESCOs.
Transforming the market for energy efficiency and create awareness through measure
including clearing house.
Role of Central & State Government
CENTRAL
– to notify rules and regulation under various provisions of the ACT
provide initial financial assistance to BEE and EC fund
Coordinate with various State Government for notification ,penalties and adjudication.
STATE
– to amend energy conservation building codes to suit the regional and local climatic
condition
To designete state level agency to coordinate , regulate and enforce provisions of the ACT
constitute a state Energy Conservation Fund for promotion of energy efficiency.
Bachat Lamp Yojana
First pilot project registered by UNFCCC in
September 2008 . (National Roll out to be take
place shortly)
Targeted 400 Millions incandescent Lamps and its
replacement to CFLs at the price of incandescent
bulbs to avoid 4000 MW Capacity Addition.
The difference in cost would be recovered through
the carbon credits CERs that accrue because of
their lower energy use.
Penalties
Non-Compliance by a Person
Amount Not Exceeding Rs.10,00,000/-For Each Offence.
On Continuous Non – Compliance An Additional Penalty Up to Rs.10000/- Per Day.
The initial phase of 5 years would be promotional and creating infrastructure for
implementation of ACT.
No penalties would be effective during this phase.
