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10 Tech Shifts

The document discusses 10 technology shifts including the transition from analog to digital, host to client/server computing, and dumb access devices to information applications. It also outlines 4 layers of the internet economy from infrastructure to intermediary to applications to commerce. The final section lists benefits of e-commerce for both organizations and consumers such as global reach, cost reduction, improved customer relations, and more products/services at cheaper prices.

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Kushalta Dhungel
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106 views18 pages

10 Tech Shifts

The document discusses 10 technology shifts including the transition from analog to digital, host to client/server computing, and dumb access devices to information applications. It also outlines 4 layers of the internet economy from infrastructure to intermediary to applications to commerce. The final section lists benefits of e-commerce for both organizations and consumers such as global reach, cost reduction, improved customer relations, and more products/services at cheaper prices.

Uploaded by

Kushalta Dhungel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The ten-technology shift

• 1.From Analog to Digital


• 2.From Traditional semi-conductor to Microprocessor
Technology
• 3.From Host to client / server computing
• 4.From Garden Path Bandwidth to Information Gateway
• 5.From Dumb Access Device to Information Application
• 6.From separate data, text, voice and image to multi-media
• 7.From Proprietary to open system
• 8.From Dumb to Intelligent Network
• 9.From Craft to Object Computing
• 10.From GUI’s to MUIs, MOLEs, MUDs, MODs, AVATARs and
VR (Virtual
1. From Analog to Digital

• Digitization turns analog waves into a version of Morse codes


consisting of dots and dashes or of ones and zeroes.

• Started in 2002, when the world began storing more


information in digital than in analog format.

• In 2000, three-quarters of the world's information was still in


analog form. By 2007, all but 6 percent had been preserved
digitally
2. From Traditional semi-conductor to
Microprocessor Technology

• Microprocessor advancement began in 1968


with the formation of Intel Corporation in
Mountain View, California.

• The first single chip microprocessor, Intel 4004


was developed in 1971.
3. From Host to client / server computing

• Host:
– Any end device in a network.
– Can either be a server, a client or both.
• Server: A computer that has software that enables it to
receive requests from a client and provide required services
e.g. email.
• Host computing:
– The master-and-slave relationship of terminals connected to host
computers.
• Client/server computing:
– Business units work together in well-structured enterprises.
– Distributed computing on networked systems.
4. From Garden Path Bandwidth to Information Gateway

• If a plain old telephone service (POTS) is a


garden path (in terms of how much
information it is able to carry) then the
emerging technologies are equivalent to
superhighways 1 mile and 16 miles wide
respectively, an incredible advance in
information-carrying capacity.
5. From Dumb Access Device to Information Application

• ‘Dumb' access devices (like television) are


becoming interactive, and thus more useful as
'information appliances.
• One can record, program, and view it at your
convenience.
• The Internet has also allowed companies, such as
Amazon.com, to learn a great deal about their
customers
6. From separate data, text, voice and image to multi-media

• Rather than have separate software programs and files


for each information format, the emerging technology
will enable multimedia communications and
interactions to take place as a matter of routine.

• Technologies that used to work as separate


technologies now share resources and interact with
each other synergistically
7. From Proprietary to open system

• In 1984 Richard Stallman developed the 'free software'-


software which could be copied by others and made
changes too as they pleased.

• Higher chances of innovation and development of the


software in OSS.

• One of the most famous and successful open source


software projects is Linux.
8. From Dumb to Intelligent Network

• In1997, David Isenberg, then an AT&T researcher, published


an article called Rise of the Stupid Network.

• Concept of intelligent network with intelligent end-points is


highly emerging.

• Data retrieval are done by specialized software programs


called 'information agents rather than by searching for
information by using single purpose search procedures
('dumb' networks).
9. From Craft to Object Computing

• Chunks of software are created instead of creating large


and complex software programs.

• Enables the rapid assembly of software rather than its


laborious crafting.

• Easy to maintain and modify existing code as new objects


can be created with small differences to existing ones.
10. From GUI’s to MUIs, MOLEs, MUDs,
AVATARs and VR

• The standard graphic user interface (GUI)


enabled a point-and-click-on-icons type of user
interface.

• Replaced by much more compelling and flexible


technologies - called multimedia user interfaces
(MUIs), multi-user domains (MUDs), and just
plain virtual reality (VR).
The Internet Economy and its indicators

• Layer 4: Internet Commerce

• Layer 3: Internet Intermediary

• Layer 2: Internet and Network Applications Infrastructure

• Layer 1: Internet Infrastructure

• Layers 1 and 2 are infrastructural and 3 and 4 are


economic activity oriented
Layer 1: Internet Infrastructure

• Companies that manufacture or provide


products and services that make up the
Internet network infrastructure includes:
– Internet backbone providers
– Internet service providers
– Networking hardware and software companies
– PC and Server manufacturers
Layer 2: Internet and Network Applications

• Infrastructure Companies that manufacture or


provide products and services necessary to carry out
all activities in the digital market includes:
– Internet consultants
– Web server software and other Internet applications
– Multimedia applications
– Web development software
– Search engine software
– Online training
Layer 3: Internet Intermediary

• Companies that increase the efficiency of electronic markets


by facilitating the meeting and interaction of buyers and
sellers via the World Wide Web and Internet includes:

– Market makers in vertical industries


– Online travel agents
– Online brokerages
– Content aggregators
– Portals/Content providers
– Internet ad brokers
Layer 4: Internet Commerce

• Companies that generate product and service


sales to consumers or businesses over the
Internet and World Wide Web.
– Online product sales
– Fee/subscription-based companies
– Online advertising
– Online travel providers
Benefits of E-commerce

• Benefits to organizations
– Global reach
– Cost reduction
– Improved customer relation
– Personalization
– competence

• Benefits to consumers
– More product and services
– Information availability
– Cheaper products and services
– 24/7/365 Services

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