Vertical transportation system
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building
Services
Types of transportation system in Buildings
???
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• To provide an accessible path, leading from one level to another by targeting to meet
the needs of all target groups.
• Most multi-storied Buildings have many floors above the ground floor and also
one/two floors below the ground floor.
• Hence appropriate and efficient building transport systems are not only important but
necessary also for operation.
• The systems are to be a mix of manual and automatic operations.
• There are two types of building transport system namely Vertical Transport
System and Horizontal Transport System.
• Vertical Transport System
Stairs
Elevators / Lifts
Escalators (Moving Stairs)
Gravity Chutes (for goods)
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• Stairs:
A stair is a series of steps, each
elevated a measured distance,
leading from one level of a structure
to another.
This is the most common and
essential for vertical movement of
people and goods.
It is also mandatory as it is an
escape route in case of fire in
buildings.
In case of power failure, lifts do not
operate and hence staircase is the
only alternative for vertical Stair parts and terms
movement.
Headroom Tread
It must be fireproof so that guests
Riser Unit rise
can safely exit to upper and lower
Unit run Total rise
building floors.
Stringer Stair well
Provision of handrails and non-slip
Total run
steps are recommended for safety
purpose.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• Elevators
An elevator is a transportation
device used to transport people
and goods vertically.
Elevators are generally automatic
safety units for up and down
transport purpose.
It consists of a platform
travelling in vertical guides in a
shaft with hoisting and lowering
mechanism and a source of
power.
The enclosure moving up and
down in the guides is known as
car.
There are two types of lift
systems.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
Lift — An appliance designed to transport persons or materials between two or more
levels in a vertical or substantially vertical direction by means of a guided car or
platform. The word ‘elevator’ is also synonymously used for ‘lift’.
Lift Car — The load carrying unit with its floor or platform, car frame and enclosing
bodywork.
Lift Landing — That’ portion of a building or structure used for discharge of
passengers or goods or both into or from a lift car.
Lift Machine — The part of the lift equipment comprising the motor and the control
gear therewith, reduction gear (if any), brake(s) and winding drum or sheave, by
which the lift car is raised or lowered.
Lift Pit — The space in the lift well below the level of the lowest lift landing served.
Lift Well — The unobstructed space within an enclosure provided for the vertical
movement of the lift car(s) and any counterweight(s), including the lift pit and the
space for top clearance.
Lift Well Enclosure — Any structure which separates the lift well from its
surroundings.
Passenger Lift — A lift designed for the transport of passengers.
Position and/or Direction Indicator — A device which indicates on the lift landing
or in the lift car or both, the position of car in the lift well or the direction or both in
which the lift car is traveling.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• Escalators
The term escalator is a combination of
elevator and “scala” the latin word for
steps.
Escalators are the moving step type lifts
operating at constant speed between two
levels in an inclined course for moving
large number of people in a short time.
It consists of a staircase whose steps
move up and down on tracks which
keep them horizontal.
Most escalators also have a moving
handrail which approximately keeps
pace with the movement of the steps.
The direction of movement (up and
down) can be permanently the same or
can be controlled by operators
according to the requirement.
Generally two units are required side-
by-side at each level, one moving
upward and the other downward.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
Escalator Installation It includes the escalator, the track, the trusses or girders, the
balustrading, the step treads and landings and all chains, wires and machinery directly
connected with the operation of the escalator.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• Escalators are required to provide continuous mass transport of people.
• Escalators in department stores rise at an angle of between (30°-35°).
• The 35° escalator is more economical, as it takes up less surface area.
• Have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in
the same physical space as one might install a staircase.
• Have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic)
• They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits, and
may be weatherproofed for outdoor use.
• Escalator speeds vary from 90 – 180 ft per minute, an escalator moving 145 ft
per minute can carry more that 10,000 people in an hour
• For normal peak periods, the recommended handling capacities for design
purposes should be taken as 3200 to 6400 persons per hour depending upon
the width of the escalator.
• In accordance with a worldwide standard, the width of the step to be used is 60
cm (for one person width)80 cm (for one- to two people width) and 100 cm
(for two people width).
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
CRISS-CROSS
ARRANGMEN
T
PARALLEL
ARRANGMEN
T
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building
Services
RAMPS are sloping surface that can be used to provide an easy connection
from floor to floor especially when large numbers of people or vehicles are
moving from time to time.
Ramps are adopted for buildings, such as stadiums, railroad stations, exhibition
halls, garage buildings, etc.
It is generally built with slopes up to 15% (15 cm in 100 cm) but 10% is
preferred. With 10% slope and a STOREY height of 12 feet a ramp connecting
two floors would have to be 120 feet long.
It can be curved, zigzagged, u-shaped or spiraled and bin all cases should be
constructed with a non-slip surface.
Design Consideration
- An exterior location is preferred for ramps.
- Indoor ramps are not recommended because
they take up a great deal of space.
- Ideally, the entrance to a ramp should be
immediately adjacent to the stairs.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
Maximum Maximum
RAMPS minimum width
Slope Length Maximum Rise should be 0.9 Mt.
Ramps should be provided with
1:20 i.e., 9% - - landings for resting, maneuvering
and avoiding excessive speed.
Landings should be provided
1:16 i.e., 6% 8m 0.50m every 10.00 m, at every change
of direction and at the top and
bottom of every ramp.
1:14 i.e., 7% 5m 0.35m Handrail A protective handrail at
least 0.40 m
Surface The ramp surface should
1:12 i.e., 8% 2m 0.15m be hard and non-slip.
Tactile marking A colored
1:10 i.e., 10% textural indication at the top and
1.25m 0.12m bottom of the ramp should be
placed to alert sightless people as
to the location of the ramp.
1:08 i.e., 12% 0.5m 0.06mm The marking strip width should
not be less than 0.60 m.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
• Travellators (Moving
pavements)
Travellators also is known
as horizontal moving
sidewalks, moving
walkways is a slow speed
conveyor belt to transport
people, they can walk
along or stand on it.
They are often installed in
pairs, for movement in the
opposite direction.
Travellators may be used
when there is a substantial
distance between the hotel
entry point and the
reception point.
Ar. Anupama Morankar Building Services
