Electrical
Hamza Ashraf
BEEF19M030
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical
Source of photos: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Introduction
Definitions:
• Electricity – movement
of the free electrons between
atoms;
– Related terms:
Source: NIOSH
• Current – the movement of
electrical charge
• Resistance – opposition to current flow
• Voltage – a measurement of electrical force
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Introduction
• Conductors – substances, such as metals, that have
little resistance to electricity
• Insulators – substances, such as dry wood, rubber,
glass and Bakelite, that have high resistance to
electricity
• Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth
which acts as a protective measure
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Introduction
Objectives:
1. Identify major electrical hazards
2. Types of electrical hazards
3. Electrical protection methods
Source: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Serious injuries and death can be caused by electrical hazards such as arc flash, shocks, burns, falls, and fires. Source of graphics: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
An Electrical Hazard can be defined as a serious
workplace hazard that exposes workers to burns,
electrocution, shock, arc flash / arc blast, fire, or
explosions.
• BE SAFE
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Burns:
• Most common shock-related injury
• Three types of electrical burns:
– Electrical
– Arc flash
– Thermal contact
Source: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Electrocution:
• Is fatal
• Meaning: to kill with electrical shock
• Results when a human is exposed to a
lethal amount of electrical energy
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Shock:
• Body becomes part
of electrical circuit
• Reflex response to
passage of electric Source: OSHA
current through the body
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Arc Flash/Arc Blast
• Arc flash
– Sudden release of electrical energy through air
when a high-voltage gap exists and there is a
breakdown between conductors
– Gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright,
intense light that can cause burns
– Temperatures as high as 35,000°F
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Fire:
• Most result from problems with "fixed
wiring”
• Problems with cords, plugs, receptacles,
and switches also cause electrical fires
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Explosions:
• Occur when electricity ignites explosive
mixture of material in the air
• Note:
– Electricity is source of these hazards
– All hazards are of equal importance
– Lesson focuses on eliminating electrical hazards
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Hazards
Examples of fatal accidents:
• Case #1: Worker electrocuted when the ladder
came in contact with overhead power lines
• Case #2: Worker electrocuted when mast
came in contact with high voltage overhead
lines
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
Contact with energized sources:
• Live parts
– The major hazards
• Electrical shock and burns
• Electrical shock occurs
when the body becomes
part of the electric circuit
Source: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
– Water
• Great conductor
• Allows current to flow more easily in wet conditions
and through wet skin
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
• Damaged or bare wires
– Fault current may travel through a body,
causing electrical burns or death, if
• Power supply is not grounded
• Path has been broken
• There are live parts or bare wires
– Extreme conditions and rough treatment can
change electrical equipment from safe to
hazardous
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
• Defective equipment or tools
These photos show examples of defective equipment/tools. Source of photos: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
Improper use:
• Extension and flexible cords
– Care
– Connection
– Capacity
Source: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Types of Electrical Hazards
• Portable heaters and appliances:
– Manufacturer recommendations
not followed
– Do not plug into a power strip!
This causes overloads and fires.
Source of photos: UBATC
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Protection Methods
Maintain safe distance from
overhead power lines:
• Staying away
Source of graphics: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Protection Methods
Use ground-fault circuit
interrupters (GFCI):
• Designed to protect people
from electrical shock
• Detects ground faults and
interrupts electric current
• Limits duration of electrical
shock Source: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Protection Methods
Three types of GFCI:
• Receptacle GFCI
• Temporary/portable GFCI
• Circuit Breaker GFCI
These photos show examples of the three types of GFCI. Source of photos: OSHA
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Protection Methods
Use power tools and equipment as
designed:
• Follow tool safety tips to avoid misusing
equipment
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Electrical Protection Methods
• Common examples of
misused equipment
Source: TEEX SH 46F1-HT06
Source of photos: OSHA Source of photos: OSHA
These photos show examples of equipment misuse.
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PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Electrical v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
