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Perception and Decision Making

This document discusses perception and decision-making. It defines perception as the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is influenced by cognitive factors like selective attention and perceptual biases. Attribution theory examines how people make judgments about others' behaviors. When observing an action, people try to determine whether it was caused by internal factors like disposition or external situational factors. Judgments are made based on the distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency of the behavior. However, people tend to overattribute others' behaviors to internal causes through fundamental attribution error and see their own actions as caused by situational factors through self-serving bias.

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Rithik Gireesh
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34 views24 pages

Perception and Decision Making

This document discusses perception and decision-making. It defines perception as the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to make meaning of their environment. Perception is influenced by cognitive factors like selective attention and perceptual biases. Attribution theory examines how people make judgments about others' behaviors. When observing an action, people try to determine whether it was caused by internal factors like disposition or external situational factors. Judgments are made based on the distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency of the behavior. However, people tend to overattribute others' behaviors to internal causes through fundamental attribution error and see their own actions as caused by situational factors through self-serving bias.

Uploaded by

Rithik Gireesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Perception and Decision

Making

Anindita C. Rao
What did you see?
We perceive things.
HOW?????
Perception
“The process through which we organise
and interpret the range of visual, aural,
tactile and chemical stimuli which impinge
upon us.”
A process by which individuals organize and interpret
their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to
their environment

People’s behavior is based on their perception of


what reality is, not on reality itself.
Perception
 Cognitive process
 Different perception same situation
 Sensation vs Perception
Process of Perception
Sub Processes
 Stimulus or situation
 Registration
 Interpretation
 Feedback
Factors that influence Perception
 The Perceiver
 The Target
 The Situation
Perceptual Selectivity
Factors that influence Perception
Advance forms of Perceptual
Organization
 Perceptual Constancy
 Perceptual Context
 Perceptual Defense
 Social Perception (Status & Role played)
Attribution Theory: Judging
Ourselves and Others
 Our perception and judgment of others is significantly influenced by our
assumptions of the other person’s internal state.
 Attribution theory tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on
the meaning we attribute to a given behavior. 1 It suggests that when we observe an
individual’s behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused.
That determination, however, depends largely on three factors: (1) distinctiveness, (2)
consensus, and (3) consistency.

 When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or


externally caused.
 Internal causes are under that person’s control
 External causes are not – person forced to act in that way
 Causation judged through:
 Distinctiveness
 Shows different behaviors in different situations.
 Consensus
 Response is the same as others to same situation.
 Consistency
 Responds in the same way over time.
Elements of Attribution Theory
Kinds of Attribution
 Dispositional
 Situational
Errors and Biases in
Attributions
 Fundamental Attribution Error
 The tendency to underestimate the influence of external
factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors
when making judgments about the behavior of others
 We blame people first, not the situation

 Self-Serving Bias
 The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes
to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on
external factors
 It is “our” success but “their” failure
Perceptual Errors
Q & A’s

Thank you

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