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Glucose Tolerance Test

1. A glucose tolerance test assesses a person's ability to metabolize a glucose load by measuring blood glucose levels over time after administering a known amount of glucose. 2. The test is indicated for patients with possible diabetes symptoms but inconclusive fasting blood glucose, during pregnancy with excessive weight gain or history of large babies, to rule out benign or alimentary glycosuria. 3. Proper preparation includes a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days prior, fasting overnight, and avoiding exercise or medications that could influence glucose levels. A baseline blood sample is taken before administering 75g of glucose, and subsequent samples are taken at regular intervals over 2.5 hours.

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1K views11 pages

Glucose Tolerance Test

1. A glucose tolerance test assesses a person's ability to metabolize a glucose load by measuring blood glucose levels over time after administering a known amount of glucose. 2. The test is indicated for patients with possible diabetes symptoms but inconclusive fasting blood glucose, during pregnancy with excessive weight gain or history of large babies, to rule out benign or alimentary glycosuria. 3. Proper preparation includes a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days prior, fasting overnight, and avoiding exercise or medications that could influence glucose levels. A baseline blood sample is taken before administering 75g of glucose, and subsequent samples are taken at regular intervals over 2.5 hours.

Uploaded by

DharmikPatel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST

LAB TECH. SEJAL SHAH

Deffinition
Ability of a person to metabolize a given load of glucose is reffered to a glucose tolerance. To assess the status of carbohydrate metabolism a known quantity of glucose is administered and the blood level of glucose is assessed.

Indication:
1. 2. 3. 4. Patient has symptoms suggestive of diabetes mellitus but fasting blood sugar level is inconclusive (Between 110 and 126mg%) During pregnancy if there is excessive weight gaining is noticed with a past history of big baby of or past history of abortion To rule out benign renal glycosuria To rule out alimentary glycosuria There is no need to do GTT on a confirmed diabetic patient The test should not be done in acutely ill person. A fasting blood glucose level less than 100 mg% pr a random blood glucose level less than 140mg% is sufficient to rule out diagnosis of diabetes.

Preparation of the Patient


1. The patient instructed to have carbohydrate rich diet(>150 gm carbohydrate ) for three days prior to the test .Further diet containing about 30 to 50 gm of carbohydrate should be taken on the evening prior to the test. This is important. Otherwise carbohydrate may not be tolerated even in the normal person. Patient should avoid drugs likely to influence blood glucose level (oral hypoglycemic drugs, Insulin etc.). For atleast two days prior to the test. Vigorous exercise on the previous day is to be avoided. Patient neither should take food after 8 PM the previous night nor should take breakfast this to ensure twelve-hour fasting. Patient should abstain from smoking and drinking during the test. Sample of blood collected in the fasting stage by, venepuncture. Urine sample is also collected simultaneously. This is called as a zero hour sample.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Glucose load:
Patient is given 75 gm of glucose dissolved in 250 to 300 ml of water.Patient is advice to drink it slowly in order to avoid vomiting. In case of children the glucose is adjusted as 1.75 gm/kg body weight.

Sample collection:
Blood and urine sample are collected by venepuncture as described above at thirty minutes interval for the next two and half-hours. Urine sample is also collected. Glucose is estimated by GOP-POD method in all the blood samples and notes its concentration. Urine samples are tested for the presence of glucose by Benedicts test. Than a graph is plotted noting the time on X-axis and plasma glucose concentration on the y-axis.

Diagnostic criteria:
1. 2. 3. If FBS is >126 mg % on more than one occasion. Or two hour PG2BS is >200 mg % even at one occasion. If both fasting and PG2BS are above these levels on the same occasion

Other causes of Abnormal GTT:


a) Alimentary glycosuria Here the fasting and PG2BS are within normal limits but an exaggerated rise in blood glucose following ingestion of glucose is observed. This is due to an increased rate of absorption of glucose from intestine. This may occur in-patient after gastrectomy or in hyperthyroidism. Renal Glycosuria Here the glucose is excreted in urine while the blood sugar levels are within normal limits. This is due to lowering of renal threshold value ( 180mg%) Flat GTT A flat GTT curve is observed and peak level is usually much lower than normal people. This is found in Malabsorption. Hypopituitarism, Hypopituitarism and Addisons disease.

b)

c)

Procedure table:

Reagent

blank STD T10 min


5 ml 5 ml

T2 T3 T4 30mi 60m 90 n in min


5 ml 5 ml 5 ml -

T5 120 min
5 ml -

O-Toludine 5 ml regent STD Solution T 0 min T 30 min T 60 min T 90 min T 120 min -

0.1ml -

0.1ml -

0.1ml -

0.1m l 0.1ml 120

Distil water 0.1 ml

Thank You

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