Microteaching

By: Hetal Patel

4th Sem MPT
Musculoskeletal Science
 Continuous Passive Motion
• Refers to passive motion that is performed by a
mechanical device that moves a joint slowly and
Continuously through a controlled range of motion.
• It produces the passive Range of Motion.
• It is available for different joints, I.e, Knee, Hip,
ankle, Shoulder, Elbow, And Wrist.
• It is used to reduce pain, oedema, increase range
of motion and help prevent adhesions, contrctures.
Knee CPM
 Hip CPM

Ankle CPM
Shoulder
CPM
 Elbow CPM

Wrist CPM
 Benefits:
• It prevents adhesion, Contracture, and Joint
stiffness.
• Provide a stimulating effect on the healing of
tendons and ligaments.
• It minimize the effect of immobilization.
• Provide a quicker return of ROM.
• Decreases postoperative pain.
 Indication:
• Joint surgery, ACL.
• Knee arthroplasty,
• Surgical repair of intra and extra articular fractures.
• Meniscectomy
• Osteochondral repair

 Contraindication:
• Unstable joint
• Fracture
• instability
 Guidelines:
• Place your leg so that the middle of your knee
rests where the CPM bends, and the bottom
of your foot is against the foot pad.
• Attach your leg to the machine by wrapping
machine’s straps around your thigh, shin, and
foot.
• It can be applied as soon as possible to
prevent joint stiffness.
• The arc of motion for the joint is determined.
• A low arc of 20 to 30 degrees is used initially
and progressed 10 to 15 degrees per day as
tolerated.
• Rate of movement is determined; usually 1
cycle/ 45 seconds or 2 minutes is well
tolerated.
 Vestibular Ball
• It was developed in Switzerland so also know as
Swiss ball.
• It is also known as Physio ball, Exercise ball,
stability ball, etc.
• It is made up of soft elastic with an approximate
diameter of 14 to 34 inches and is filled with air.
• The air pressure of the ball can be changed.
• It is most often used in physical therapy, athletic
training, weight training and exercise.
 Benefits:
• Training the Core
• Improved Posture
• Improved Balance/ Stability
• Increase lumbar mobility.
 Treadmill
• A treadmill is a device for walking or running
while staying in the same place the machine
provides a moving platform with a wide
conveyor belt driven by an electric motor or a
flywheel.
• It provides a straightforward and efficient
aerobic workout.
• Treadmills give a great cardiovascular workout
and help improve heart health.
• It strengthen the heart.
• It helps in lower the blood pressure by
strengthening the heart.
• Running or walking helps to get the blood
flowing which reduces the stress on your
heart.
• Advantages:
• Improves strength and endurance.
• Improves cardiovascular endurance.
 Bicycle Ergometer
• It is a type of stationary bicycle equipped with
an ergometer instrument that measures the
amount of work done by individual peddling
the bike.
• The term ergometer refers to science of
ergometry, a discipline concerned with
measuring the amount of physical work done
by the human body during specific activities.
• Bicycle ergometers are one of a number of
different types of ergometers that may be
used as a part of fitness levels.
• The purpose of bicycle ergometer is chiefly to
measure cardiac performance; specifically,
maximum heart rate and oxygen uptake.
• It is used for exercise, to increase general
fitness, and for training for cycle events.
• It has been used for physical therapy because
of the low impact, safe, and effective
cardiovascular exercise it provides.
• It is also used for weight loss.
• It is used to increase lower extremity strength
and endurance.
 Advantages
• Non weight-bearing
• Controlled movement
• Variable resistance
• Stable position
• Cardiovascular exercise activity
• Range of motion exercise equipment.
 Dynamometer
• Dynamometer measures the strength of
different muscle groups and provides
resistance which matches that of the patient,
allowing for automatic accommodation for
weakness, pain or fatigue at specific points in
range of motion.
• Hand held dynamometers are instruments for
measuring the maximum isometric strength of
the hand and forearm muscles.
• It is easy to use.
• Patient will hold the dynamometer in the
hand being tested, with the arm at right
angles with the elbow by the side of the body.
• Patient then squeezes the hand dynamometer
with maximum isometric effort for at least 5
seconds.
• The patient is required to not move any other
part of the body and is encouraged to use
maximum effort.
• Measuring hand strength and manual muscle
testing helps identify deficits after local injury
as well as providing information on a patient’s
strength.
• Types:
• Baseline universal hydraulic push pull
dynamometer
• Microfet 2 Manual muscle testing handheld
dynamometer
 Isokinetic Devices
 Isokinetic exercises:
• It is a type of strength training.
• It uses specialized exercise machines/ devices
that produce a constant speed no matter how
much effort anyone expend.
• These machines control the pace of an
exercise by fluctuating resistance throughout
range of motion.
• Target exercise speed and range of motion can be
adjusted according to the needs.
• Different attachments on the machine can isolate and
target specific muscle groups.
• It can used to test and improve muscle strength and
endurance.

 Benefits:
• Isokinetic exercises are often used for rehabilitation
and recovery since it’s a controlled form of exercise.
• Physiotherapists and occupational therapists use
isokinetic machines to help people recover from a
stroke, an injury, and or a medical procedure.
• Being able to control the resistance and speed
helps to:
• Prevent injury
• Increase muscle flexibility
• Control muscle development
• Isokinetic exercise is a form of strength
training that can increase muscle tone,
strength, and endurance.
 Advantages
• Maximum effort provides maximum resistance
as a muscle contracts.
• High and low velocity training
• Accommodate painful arc motion
• As a patient fatigues, exercise can still continue
• Isolated strengthening correct strength deficit
in specific muscle groups.
• External stabilization
• Concentric and eccentric contraction
• Computer based visual or auditory cues
provide feedback.

 Disadvantages:
• Large and expensive
• Setup time and assistance
• Allow only open chain movement patterns
Shoulder Press
Isokinetic
Dynamometry
Leg Press
Treadmill Bicycle
Ergometer
Thank You!