CLAMPING Principles

• Clamping elements must hold the work piece

firmly engaged with locating elements during
the operation.

• The clamping devices is to hold the position of

the part against the locators throughout the
machining cycle.

CLAMPS
 CLAMPING PRINCIPLES
•The clamp must not damage
or deform the part. The
clamping force must not be
less.

•Clamp should be fast acting

and allow rapid loading an
unloading of parts.
 CLAMPING PRINCIPLES
• The clamp should press against a strong portion of
the work piece without distorting the workpiece.

• It should hold the work firmly and transmit the

clamping force throughout the cutting operation,
directly over a fixed support.

• It should be capable of overcoming the maximum

possible force exerted on it by the work piece

CLAMPS
 CLAMPING PRINCIPLES

•Simple clamps are always

preferred than complicated
clamps.

•Clamp should be easy to operate,

positioned or loosened.

• Do not forget to estimate the

cutting force and applied
clamping force.
 CLAMPING PRINCIPLES

• When designed, they should be operated

from the front side of the operator

• They should be designed such that they

press down and tend to seat the work

• When cam or wedges are used, they

should be designed so that loads or
vibrations will tend to seat work.

CLAMPS
 CLAMPING PRINCIPLES

•The clamp should not

damage the work piece
surface, recommended to use
clamping pad.

•It is best to over design the

clamp if there is some doubt.
 TYPES
OF
CLAMPS

CLAMPS
 TYPES OF MECHANICAL
ACTUATION CLAMPS
 Screw clamp  Cam action clamp
 C-clamp  Pinch clamp
 Strap clamp  Equalizer clamp
 Swing clamp  Plate type clamp
 Swing strap clamp  Two way clamp
 Pivoted clamp  Edge clamp
 Button clamp
 Hinged clamp
 Differential clamp
 Wedge clamp
 Hook clamp
 Latch clamp
 Two slot clamp
 Toggle clamp  Spider clamp
CLAMPS
• These are simple clamps SCREW CLAMP
which make use of a
threaded rod equipped
with some method of
tightening.
• They are used commonly
in jigs and fixtures.
• Screw clamp uses the
torque developed by
screw thread to hold
the workpiece.
• Table shown indicates
the average holding
force for screws of
different sizes
SCREW CLAMP
They may consist
of knurled collar,
hand knob, Tommy
bar or spanner flats
for rotating and
tightening the
screw.
Simple screw
clamp is shown in
figure.

SCREW CLAMP
 The clamping force of
the screw clamp may be
increased by provision
of pad.
 The clamp pad is free
to rotate on the pivot.
This eliminates the
friction between
workpiece and clamp
(shown in next slide)
 The clamping pad
remains stationery on
the workpiece while
the screw rotates and
rubs on the top face of
the pad.
SCREW CLAMP
A swivel-type clamping pad provides a
spherical joint between clamping pad and
clamping screw.
 This allows the clamping pad to swivel
around the clamping screw.
 The pad adjusts itself to suit the
inaccuracies in the clamping face of the
work piece
The cross pin pull the pad backwards when
screw is retracted
 CLAMPING ACTION OF
SCREW CLAMP

SLIDE CLAMPING BAR TO TURN AND APPLY

CONTACT THE WORKPIECE CLAMPINGFORCE

AFTER MACHINING TURN TO SLIDE CLAMPING BAR BACK TO

UNCLAMP UNLOAD
SCREW CLAMP
 Ball and foot are threaded to
allow easy installation and
removal, a left-hand thread to
positively prevent blackout
Screw clamp with when turning the screw
pressure pad
SCREW CLAMP
SCREW CLAMP

SCREW CLAMP
 C-CLAMP
 These are quick
acting clamp.
 The locking nut can
release or lock the
clamp in about one
turn only ( shown in
figure)

C-CLAMP
 STRAP CLAMP
 Simplest of all clamps.
 The basic operation is as same as that of a
lever.
 They can broadly classified as first class,
second class, third class each representing a
form of lever.
 When a strap clamp is used, the force on the
workpiece is always proportional to the position
of the fastener with respect to the workpiece and
heel.
STRAP CLAMP
Manual devices include hex nut,
hand knobs, cams.
The strap clamp is operated by
either manual or power driven
devices.
Power driven include hydraulic or
pneumatic.
  The work is placed
 The fulcrum is
between the fulcrum
placed between
and the effort. This is
the work and the
principle of second
effort. Note the
class lever
spherical washer
STRAP CLAMP
In this
type, the
effort is
placed
between the
work and the
fulcrum.

STRAP CLAMP
Simple strap clamp arrangement

STRAP CLAMP
TAPPED HEEL STRAP CLAMP

STRAP CLAMP
CAM ACTUATED STRAP CLAMP
 RETRACTABLE CLAMP
When clamps fall in the path of loading and
unloading they are made slotted to permit
linear withdrawal.

Clamp strap with

slotted underneath to
allow sliding it straight
back for clear loading.
Two drill slots on
sides are provide a
secure grip while
sliding RETRACTABLE CLAMP
 SWIVEL CLAMP
Another type of strap
clamp
In this design the
clamp is rotated by 90
to clear the passage for
loading and unloading.
The clamp is swung to
the position shown in
chain-dotted line during
loading and unloading
the workpiece.

SWIVEL CLAMP
PIVOTED CLAMP

PIVOTED CLAMP
• In this type of ( PIVOTED ) design, clamps are
pivoted at the center to simplify their operation.
• The clamp pivots around the central pin during
operation.
• The point of operation should be noted, the
screw has been shifted from centre to the end
opposite the clamping point
• It is tightened and loosened by the knurled
head screw.
Pivoted two way clamp

PIVOTED CLAMP
 SWING CLAMP
Swing clamp combine the screw clamp
with swinging arm that pivots on its
mounting stud.
The holding power with this clamp is
generated by screw.
Swing clamp must be swung to the
working position.

SWING CLAMP
Other arrangements of swing clamp

SWING CLAMP
STANDARD SWING CLAMP

SWING CLAMP
 Long-reach swing clamp
that can be hand
tightened for medium
clamping force. The
post-mounted version is
ideal for tight spaces,
with a long mounting
post for increased
strength. Swing arm can
be turned over for more
clearance underneath

SWING CLAMP
SWING CLAMP
 Hinged clamp provides
rapid clearance of
loading an unloading HINGE CLAMP
passage.
 It is generally
clamped with swinging
eye bolt.
 The clamp is provided
with open slot through
which the eye bolt can
be swung in position.
 The hinged plate is
swung aside during
loading and unloading.
HINGE CLAMP
• HINGE
CLAMP

HINGE CLAMP
• Hinged clamp can also be used for two way
clamping.
• The work is pushed against locating pins by
pivoted edge clamp which also houses a
swinging eye-bolt.
• Tightening of knurled nut against hinge clamp
first pushes the work against pins.
• This pushes clamping pad towards workpiece
which is clamped simultaneously in two
directions by edge clamp and pad in hinge.
• The knurled nut is loosened only by half a turn
before swinging the eye bolt and hinge plate
aside for loading and unloading the workpiece.
 A plain wedge clamp WEDGE
consists of movable
inclined plane which
forces the workpiece
CLAMP
against a fixed stop.
 Plain wedge clamps
tends to loosen under
vibration.
 The taper end of the
plain wedge may range
from 6 to 18
depending upon the
coefficient of friction
of the metal.
 The wedge can be used
with springs to form a
pinch clamp.

WEDGE CLAMP
 EDGE CLAMP
An important new clamping
development!
These new mini edge clamps, are
ideal for fixturing small parts.
Clamping force is applied by
positive screw action with the easy
turn of hex wrench.
Edge clamps exert downward
thrust force on workpiece, to prevent
it from lifting.
EDGE CLAMP
THE SERRATED FACE PROVIDES MAXIMUM
GRIPPING WHILE SMOOTH FACE AVOIDS
MARRING FINISHED PARTS
EDGE CLAMP
EDGE CLAMP ARRANGEMENT

EDGE CLAMP
 HOOK CLAMP
 Hook clamp are
similar to swing
clamps but smaller.
 They are useful in
tight places or
where several clamps
rather than one
large clamp must be
used.

HOOK CLAMP
HOOK CLAMP
HOOK CLAMP
ADJUSTABLE CLAMP

ADJUSTABLE CLAMP
 Adjustable clamping
arrangement
ADJUSTABLE CLAMP
 DOUBLE END STRAP CLAMP
Clamp strap
with two
clamping ends,
for holding two
work pieces
simultaneously
Double end strap clamp
arrangement

DOUBLE END STRAP CLAMP

 U-CLAMPS
Open U end allows totally removing
clamp strap when unclamped. Clamp tips
are beveled for extra clearance

U-CLAMP
 TOGGLE CLAMP
 A toggle clamp is a quick-acting mechanical
linkage where two of the elements make up a
Toggle action.
 Actuating the clamp first moves it into
position, then applies clamping forces by
compressing or stretching the linkage
elements after contacting the work piece,
then positively locks it by moving the toggle
action’s center pivot past centerline of other
two pivots, against a stop.
 Do not try to design a toggle clamp. It is
advised to use only the standard clamp from
reputed manufacturer.

TOGGLE CLAMP
TOGGLE CLAMP
Latch clamp is
limited to light
LATCH CLAMP
work as it is
difficult to
secure rigidly.
The main
advantage of
latch clamp is in
the speed of
manipulation.
Simple latch
clamp is shown
in fig.
 EQUALISER CLAMP
In multiple clamping, a pivoted equalizer is
used for clamping two unequal workpiece
simultaneously.
The equalizer clamp pivots around the pin to
suit the workpiece.
Equalizer principle can be extended to
facilitate clamping of many even number of
work pieces simultaneously by a single clamp.
The main advantage of this type of clamp is
that clamping force is equally distributed to
all work pieces.
EQUALIZER CLAMP
EQUALIZER FOR MANY
FOR UNEQUAL PIECES
NUMBER OF PIECES
 PLATE CLAMP
It holds the workpiece with Toe and Heel
arrangements. The heel is held in position
by a pin and spring arrangement.
 TWO WAY CLAMP
 This clamp has quick releasing action. When
nut is released the clamp becomes loose.
 An advantage of this type of clamp is that all
clamping actuation is done from one central
position
 If separate clamp are used, the machine
operator may be required to reach across the
workpiece or travel to other side of the
machine to operate the clamp

TWO WAY CLAMP

TWO WAY CLAMP
SOME OF
TWO WAY
CLAMPING
METHODS

TWO WAY CLAMP