This document outlines 4 main approaches to guidance and counseling: crisis, remedial, preventive, and development. It also describes 4 types of guidance and counseling services: basic guidance, responsive, individual planning, and support systems. Finally, it discusses several techniques used in guidance and counseling including individual counseling, giving advice, group guidance, group counseling, and learning by guiding. The development approach takes a proactive stance and focuses on skills and experiences needed for student success.
This document outlines 4 main approaches to guidance and counseling: crisis, remedial, preventive, and development. It also describes 4 types of guidance and counseling services: basic guidance, responsive, individual planning, and support systems. Finally, it discusses several techniques used in guidance and counseling including individual counseling, giving advice, group guidance, group counseling, and learning by guiding. The development approach takes a proactive stance and focuses on skills and experiences needed for student success.
This document outlines 4 main approaches to guidance and counseling: crisis, remedial, preventive, and development. It also describes 4 types of guidance and counseling services: basic guidance, responsive, individual planning, and support systems. Finally, it discusses several techniques used in guidance and counseling including individual counseling, giving advice, group guidance, group counseling, and learning by guiding. The development approach takes a proactive stance and focuses on skills and experiences needed for student success.
This document outlines 4 main approaches to guidance and counseling: crisis, remedial, preventive, and development. It also describes 4 types of guidance and counseling services: basic guidance, responsive, individual planning, and support systems. Finally, it discusses several techniques used in guidance and counseling including individual counseling, giving advice, group guidance, group counseling, and learning by guiding. The development approach takes a proactive stance and focuses on skills and experiences needed for student success.
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Approaches of
Guidance and Counselling
1. Crisis Approach 2. Remedial Approach 3. Preventive Approach 4. Development Approach Crisis Approach • A teacher waits for the emergence of crisis, and then the teacher makes an action to the students to face the crisis. • The strategy: use certain techniques to overcome or handle the crisis Remedial Approach • A teacher uses this approach to focus on helping the students to fix the students’ weaknesses/problems • The objective is to prevent any crisis happen. • The strategies: teaching students about certain skills (social skills) which are not owned by the students Preventive Approach • A teacher tries to anticipate the emergence of general problems • General problems: drop out, fight with other friends, smoking, cheating, stealing, playing hooky, and etc. • To build students’ awareness of those activities and master the knowledge of how to hinder any problems because of those activities. • Strategy: teaching and giving information Development Approach • Proactive approach • A counsellor who uses this approach comes from the understanding about skills and certain experiences which are needed by the students to achieve their success at school and society • The most appropriate approach applied at school • Steps of students’ development, needs, and interests, learn about life skills • Strategies: sharing information, role play, tutorial, counselling • Development approach is stated in Kurikulum Bimbingan or Layanan Dasar Umum • Development approach is also included in other approaches (crisis, remedial, and preventive) Types of Services of Guidance and Counselling 1. Basic Guidance Service 2. Responsive Service 3. Individual Planning Service 4. Support System Basic Guidance Service (Layanan Bimbingan Dasar) • For all students • To develop any skills that students need to possess for their life development • Strategies: group guidance • Topics: self-esteem, motivation for achievement, decision making, making goals, making plans, communication skills, cross cultural understanding, responsibility Responsive Service • To help the students to face problems • Crisis, remedial, and preventive approach • Topics (School life): presence, attitudes, relations with classmates, adaptation • Topics (personal life): death of one of family members or friends, divorce, family matters, sexual matters • Technique: counselling (individual or group) Individual Planning Service • To help the students to develop and implement their personal and social plans • To prepare their education and career goals by referring to their knowledge about themselves, information about schools, works, and societies • To plan their short-term goal and long-term goal • To analyse their strengths and weaknesses in order to achieve their goals • To measure their achievements Support system • Managerial system Program development, staff development, budget, facilities, cooperation with parents and other resources, research and development Techniques of Guidance and Counselling • Individual Counselling • Giving advice • Group guidance • Group Counselling • Learn by Guiding (Belajar Bernuansa Bimbingan) Individual Counselling • A help to change someone’s attitudes and solve problems • Face to face or via phone, texts, VC, and etc. • For the ones who find difficulties to adapt in their school life • Close and dynamic relations; acceptance, not judgemental, listening, emotional • Making decision, choice, or plan so they can role better in society Giving Advice Considering some criteria • Based on some problems • Gathering the data related to the problems • The advices are alternatives for students by giving them some possibilities (success and fail) • Freedom to choose • Being responsible for their choice or decision • Counselling ≠ Giving Advice • Counselling = Listening • Giving Advice = Talking Group Guidance • Conducted in a group • Giving information or group discussion about some issues (education, works, personal, and social) • To increase their understanding about realities, norms, ways to solve problems, achieve better future for education, career, and life • Small group (2-6 persons), middle group (7-12 persons), large group (13-20 persons), class size (20-40 persons) • Media: audio, video, movie, bulletin, brochure, magazine, book, special guests or experts • Group dynamic: discussion, socio drama, role play, sharing Group Counselling • People need help from others • Encourage the students to change their attitudes in a group • Being care each other in a group • Problem solving of an individual in a group • Make students realize that she/he is not the only one who has problems • Make students realize that others’ burden is heavier • Learn to solve other problems Learning by Guiding (Belajar Bernuansa Bimbingan)
• Explain the goals and benefits of the learning process
• Explain the learning strategies • Motivate the students to get achievement • Help the students to solve any difficulties (related to study) • Plan their goals • Giving opportunities for getting any achievement Characteristics • Not so tense classroom • Orientation about effective learning and the whole process of the learning • Understand each strengths and weaknesses • Create a learning process which suits to students’ competence • Create a close relationship with the students and accept any students who want to consult and need help • Learn and understand students strengths and weaknesses, habits, difficulties (related to their study) • Giving helps for students who find difficulties related to their study • Guide the students to develop good learning habits • Giving remedial for students who need
