PIPING
SYSTEMS
Basic Occupational Safety and Health
GROUP 8
KYLA MARIEL T ESGUERRA
PRECIOUS MAE E. LEGASPI
JUSTIN JAMES L. SANTERA
01
INTRODUCTIO
N
TO PIPING
SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION TO PIPING SYSTEM
A pipe can be defined as a tube made of metal, plastic, wood, concrete or
fiberglass.
Pipes are used to carry liquids, gases, slurries, or fine particles.
A piping system is generally considered to include the complete interconnection
of pipes, including in-line components such as pipe fittings and flanges.
Pumps, heat exchanges, valves and tanks are also considered part of piping
system.
INTRODUCTION TO PIPING SYSTEM
Piping systems are the arteries of our industrial processes and the
contribution of piping systems are essential in an industrialized society
The initial design of a piping system is established by the functional
requirements of piping a fluid from one point to another.
The detailed design is decided by criteria such as type of fluid being
transported, allowable pressure drop or energy loss, desired velocity, space
limitations, process requirements like free drain or requirement of straight
run, stress analysis, temperature of fluid, etc.
The supporting of piping systems requires a significant engineering, design,
fabrication and erection effort.
In some cases, special structures (like structural T or inverted L, cantilevers,
U portals, pedestals, etc.) must be built solely for the purpose of supporting
piping systems.
02
PIPING
MATERIALS
PIPING MATERIALS
Steel
Steel is the most frequently used material for piping. Forged steel is extensively used
for fittings while cast steel is primarily used for special applications. Pipe is
manufactured in two main categories – seamless and welded.
Cast Iron
Cast iron has a high resistance to corrosion and to abrasion and is used for ash
handling systems, sewage lines and underground water lines. It is, however, very
brittle and is not suitable for most power plant services. It is made in different
grades such as gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and ductile cast iron.
Brass and Copper
Non-ferrous material such as copper and copper alloys are used in power plants
in instrumentation and water services where temperature is not a prime factor.
03
IMPORTANCE
OF PIPING
SYSTEM
IMPORTANCE OF PIPING SYSTEM
A piping system is crucial to any process plant; hence it needs to be
designed with precision and care.
The efficiency of a plant highly depends on its ability to transport
fluid through the pipes to various equipment that function
collectively.
In order to create a piping system, it requires a systematic analysis of
various engineering methods.
04
PIPING
SYSTEMS
PIPING SYSTEMS
HVAC PIPING
• HVAC piping encompasses many different fluids, pressures, and temperatures.
• Hydronic Systems
• Piping types for Hydronic Systems
Copper
Steel
Grooved and Coupling System
Plastic
PLUMBING PIPING
• Plumbing piping is concerned with the flow of many different liquids, solids, and gases.
• Domestic Water and Drainage and Venting
SPECIALTY PIPING
• Specialty piping systems are associated with conveying atypical fluids.
• Saltwater Aquarium Piping System
• Pool Piping System
05
TYPES OF
PIPES
TYPES OF PIPES
1. Cast Iron Pipe
Widely used for city water-distribution systems because of its high
resistance to corrosion and consequent long life.
2. Galvanized Iron Pipe
Used to supply water, gas or any other liquid inside the building.
3. Wrought Iron Pipe
They are also used to carry water, gas or certain other liquid from one place
to another.
4. Steel Pipe
Steel pipes are used to carry water, gas or certain other liquid from one
place to the other under pressure.
TYPES OF PIPES
5. Copper Pipe
These types of pipes are generally used to carry hot water or steam.
6. Plastic Pipe
Used for the supply of water, acidic water, and alkaline water.
7. Asbestos Cement Pipe
The asbestos pipe is made from asbestos, silica, and cement converted
under pressure to a dense, homogeneous material possessing considerable
strength.
06
METHODS OF
CONNECTING
PIPE
METHODS OF CONNECTING PIPE
• SCREWED CONNECTION
Threads are cut on each end of the pipe and screwed fittings such as
unions, couplings, and elbows are used to join the lengths.
• FLANGED CONNECTION
Flanged connections have the advantage over welded connections of
permitting disassembly and are more convenient to assemble and
disassemble than the screwed connections.
• WELDED CONNECTION
The pipe lengths are welded directly to one another and directly to any
valves or fittings that may be required.
07
SCOPE AND
DEFINITIONS
SCOPE
This Rule shall provide a common code to assist in the proper identification of materials conveyed in
piping systems. This Rule shall cover only the identification of piping systems in industrial and power plants.
It does not cover pipes buried in the ground.
DEFINITIONS
“Piping Systems” shall include conduit for the liquids, semi-liquids, but not solids carried in air or gas.
In addition to pipes of any kind, fittings, valves and pipe coverings are included. Supports, brackets, or other
accessories are specifically excluded from the application of
this Standards.
“Fire Protection Materials and Equipment” shall include sprinkler system and other fireprotection
equipment The identification of this group of materials may also be used to
identify or locate such equipment as alarm boxes, extinguishers, fire blankets, fire doors,
hose connections, hydrants and other fire-fighting equipments.
“Dangerous Materials” shall include materials which are hazardous to life or property because
they are easily ignited, toxic, corrosive, at high temperatures and pressures, productive of
poisonous gases or are in themselves poisonous. It also includes materials that are known
ordinarily as fire producers or explosives.
08
STANDARD
REQUIREMENT
S
sTANDA
RDS
Specifying the contents of piping system shall be
primarily on the basis of stenciled or lettered legends.
Use of color as a means of specifying the type of
material conveyed in a piping system shall be in
conformity with the provisions of this Standard.
Relatively, for the purpose of uniformity and to lessen
the chances of error, confusion or inaction especially in
times of emergency, Article 11.4, Chapter XI of the
Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers Code, in
accordance with its latest edition, is hereby adopted
sTANDA
RDS The integrity of a piping system depends on the
considerations and principles used in design,
construction and maintenance of the system. Piping
systems are made of components as pipes, flanges,
supports, gaskets, bolts, valves, strainers, flexible and
expansion joints.
The components can be made in a variety of
materials, in different types and sizes and may be
manufactured to common national standards or
according a manufacturers proprietary item. Some
companies even publish their own internal piping
standards based upon national and industry sector
standards.
09
PIPING CODES
AND
STANDARDS
ANSI
American National Standards
ASME
American Society of
Institute Mechanical Engineers
a private, non-profit organization that
administers and coordinates the U.S. A 120,000-member professional
voluntary standardization and conformity organization focused on technical,
assessment system. educational and research issues of the
engineering and technology community.
ISO
International Organization for DIN
Deutsches Institut für
Standardization Normung
An international standard setting The German Institute for Standardization, is a
body made up of representatives non-governmental organization recognized by the
from national standards bodies. German government as the national standards
body and represents German interests at
international and European level.
10
METHODS OF
IDENTIFICATION OF
CONTENTS OF
PIPING SYSTEM
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF
CONTENTS OF PIPING SYSTEM
POSITIVE
IDENTIFICATION
“Positive Identification” of contents of piping systems shall be primarily on the basis of stenciled or lettered
legends giving the name of content in full or abbreviated form in accordance with Table 25 C. Where it is
desirable or necessary to give supplementary information such as hazard or use of the piping system content,
this may be done by additional legend or by color applied to the entire piping system, or as colored bands.
Legends may be placed on colored bands.
Identification by color or by colored
bands
“Identification by color or by colored bands” which are supplementary to the use of legends shall be
installed at frequent intervals on straight pipe runs (sufficient to identify), close to all valves, and adjacent
to all change-in-directions, or where pipes pass through walls and floors. The color identification may be
accompanied by use of decals or plastic bands which are made to conform with the standard.
VISIBILITY
Attention shall be given with reference to pipe markings. Letterings on
overhead pipe above normal line of operators’ vision shall be placed below
the horizontal center line of the pipe
11
IDENTIFICATIO
N OF PIPING
SYSTEM
IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING
SYSTEM
Location of stenciled or lettered legends:
In certain types of plants, it may be desirable to label the pipes at junction
points or points of distribution only, while at other locations the markings may be
installed at necessary intervals all along the piping, close to valves and to change-in-
direction.
Type and Size of Letters for Stencils:
The standard sizes for letters in the use of stencils shall be from 13 to 89
millimeters in height. Tags shall be used for identifying pipes with less than (3/4") 19
millimeters in diameter. The lettering or the background shall be in standard color. In
cases where it is decided to paint the entire piping, the color and sizes of legend
letters stenciled on the piping for identification of materials conveyed should
conform to the specifications.
POWER
PIPING
Basic Occupational Safety and Health
POWER PIPING
• Power piping means piping systems and their component parts, that are not
building services piping systems, and that may be installed within electric power
generating stations, industrial and institutional plants, utility geothermal heating
systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems.
• Power piping includes, but is not limited to, piping used in the distribution of
plant and process steam at boiler pressures greater than fifteen pounds per square
inch gauge, high temperature water piping from high pressure and high
temperature boilers, power boiler steam condensate piping, high pressure and high
temperature water condensate piping, and compressed air and hydraulic piping
upstream of the first stop valve off a system distribution header.
Application of power
piping
• It is installed in electric power generating
buildings and central heating and cooling
systems for a large area.
• These pipes may carry or process boiler
steam, high-temperature water, liquid
formed by condensation, and compressed
air.
• They can be used as an initial stop valve
for a system distribution header.
DEFINITIONS
1. Power Piping Line
“Power Piping Line” shall include all steam, water, air, gas, hazardous substances, oil
piping and the component parts such as the pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, fittings and
other components related to steam generating plants, central heating plants and industrial
plants.
2. Installation
“Installation” shall mean assemblance or connection of power piping in a given location,
designed for safety operation in accordance with the prescribed standards.
3. Wrought Iron Pipe
“Cleared” shall mean acceptance by the Regional Labor Office concerned after
verification and checking of the applications, plans and other pertinent documents showing
compliance with prescribed installation requirements.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Application for installation of No power piping line shall be
power pipeline shall be filed with operated until the necessary
the Regional Labor Office documents are submitted and
concerned for processing and final inspection conducted, the
evaluation. safety permit is issued upon
payment of the corresponding
inspection fee.
No power piping line shall be
connected/installed without
Any repair work done on power
the plans cleared by the
pipeline shall be documented
Regional
and shall be made available
Labor Office concerned.
during the conduct of periodic
inspection.
STANDARDS
REQUIREMEN
TS For purposes of design installation, inspection
and other considerations prior to the clearance of
any installation of the power piping connection
system, Chapter 11 on Power Piping System of the
Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineering
(PSME) Code shall be applied as a minimum
requirement.
CONSTRUCTION
1. Power piping shall be designed to be of sufficient strength suitable for their
intended use.
2. Power pipeline shall be provided with safety and or relief valves, indicating and
controlling devices to ensure their safe operation. The safety devices shall be
accessible, installed and maintained in good operating condition.
3. The discharge capacity of safety valves provided on power pipelines shall be
sufficient for the size and pressure at which the power pipeline is operated.
4. Outlets of safety valves on power pipeline shall be installed on location so that
hazards to personnel shall be avoided.
5. In the absence of appropriate provisions in the PSME Code, the manner of
installation of approved pressure relief devices such as rupture discs shall be in
accordance with the code of practice for mechanical engineering under the
supervision of a professional mechanical engineer.
POWER PIPING
LINES
6. Indicating and recording devices on power pipeline shall be protected
against breakage or clogging and shall be clearly visible.
7. Where pressure reducing valves shall be provided on the low pressure side
of the reducing valve, in case the piping or equipment on the low pressure
side does not meet the requirements for the full initial pressure. The relief of
safety valve shall be located adjoining or as close as possible to the reducing
valve. The vents shall be of ample size and as short and direct as possible.
8. Pressure gauge in power pipeline shall be installed on the low pressure side
of a reducing valve.
9. Flange connections for their respective pressures and temperatures shall
conform to the specifications set forth by the PSME Code.
POWER PIPING LINES
10. Piping lines must be provided with loops and bends and expansion joints to avoid:
a. failure because of excessive stresses;
b. excessive thrusts or moments at connected component; or
c. leakage at joint because of expansion of the pipe.
11. Welding in power piping lines whether in the shop or at the job site must be done by
qualified welders.
12. All power pipelines shall follow the standard color code as required in Rule 1230 of the
Occupational Safety and Health Standards.
13. All power pipelines shall have appropriate supports or hangers and guard provision
against bumps.
14. All other provisions on bolting, flanges, fittings, gaskets, hangers, supports, anchors, pipe
sleeves, drains, drips and steam traps requirement in the power pipeline shall be in
accordance/conformity with the provisions in Chapter 11 (Power Piping System) of the PSME
Code as a minimum requirement.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
TEST
All newly installed and repaired pipelines are required to be subjected to a random Non-
Destructive. Testing prior to its operation, by either Radiographic Examination (RT) or
Ultrasonic Test (UT).
HYDROSTATIC
After installation, all piping line TEST
connection shall be hydrostatically tested and shall observe the following:
a. The ends of the pipelines and any equipment are blanked off, such as, pressure
reducing valve diaphragms is removed or protected to avoid over pressure.
b. Applied hydrostatic test is equal to 1.5 times the service operating pressure for a
minimum of 24 hours for new installation and 4 hours for existing repaired/installation.
REFERENCES
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THANK
YOU!
Basic Occupational Safety and Health
