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Big Data Analytics - Histogram

This document discusses histograms in big data analytics. It defines a histogram as a bar chart that groups data values into classes to show their relative frequency of occurrence. Histograms can be used to display large amounts of data simply, show the distribution of data, and identify variations. They were developed by quality expert Kaoru Ishikawa to analyze processes. To create a histogram, data is collected, statistics are calculated, bars are plotted according to class width and frequency, and the shape is analyzed. A real-world example histogram plots student heights into classes and their relative frequencies.

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Archana R gopinath
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87 views17 pages

Big Data Analytics - Histogram

This document discusses histograms in big data analytics. It defines a histogram as a bar chart that groups data values into classes to show their relative frequency of occurrence. Histograms can be used to display large amounts of data simply, show the distribution of data, and identify variations. They were developed by quality expert Kaoru Ishikawa to analyze processes. To create a histogram, data is collected, statistics are calculated, bars are plotted according to class width and frequency, and the shape is analyzed. A real-world example histogram plots student heights into classes and their relative frequencies.

Uploaded by

Archana R gopinath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTOGRAM IN BIG DATA

ANALYTICS
Myself Archana R
Assistant Professor In
Department of Computer Science
SACWC.
I am here because I love to
give presentations.
Overview
1) What is a Histogram?
2) What are some possible uses for a Histogram?
3) Where did the Histogram come from?
4) How do Histograms work?
5) A real world example.
What is a Histogram?

 A Histogram is a variation of a bar chart in which data


values are grouped together and put into different classes.

 This grouping allows you see how frequently data in each


class occur in the data set.
What is a Histogram (cont.)

 Higher bars represent more data values in a class.


 Lower bars represent fewer data values in a class.
 On the next slide is an example of what a Histogram looks
like.
Example of a Histogram
Uses for a Histogram
A Histogram can be used:
 to display large amounts of data values in a relatively simple chart
form.
 to tell relative frequency of occurrence.
 to easily see the distribution of the data.
 to see if there is variation in the data.
 to make future predictions based on the data.
Where did the Histogram Come
From?

 The Histogram was first implemented by Kaoru Isikawa, one of


Japans’ most renowned experts on quality improvement.

 Isikawa spent his life trying to improve quality in Japan.


Where did the Histogram Come
From? (cont.)
 His major contributions to quality improvement are known
as the basic seven tools of quality.

 Included in his basic seven tools of quality is the Histogram.


How do Histograms Work?

 First, you need to pick a process to analyze.


 Next, you need a large amount of data, at least 100 data
values so that patterns can become visible.
 Then, you need to assemble a table of the data values that
you collected with regards to frequency of data values.
How do Histograms Work? (cont)

 Next, you need to calculate some statistics for the


Histogram, including: mean, minimum, maximum, standard
deviation, class width, number of classes, skewness, and
kurtosis.

 Then, you actually create the Histogram using these


statistics.
How do Histograms Work? (cont)

 After you have created a Histogram, it will take one of five shapes:

 Normal Distribution:
How do Histograms Work? (cont)

 Positively Skewed:

 Negatively Skewed:
How do Histograms Work? (cont)
 Bi-Modal Distribution:

 Multi-Modal Distribution:
How do Histograms Work? (cont)

 Once your Histogram is complete, you can analyze its


shape, as well as the statistics that you came up with.

 This analysis will help you to make better decisions toward


quality improvements.
Real World Example
 The next slide contains a real world example of a histogram. It plots
the relative frequency of the heights of some students based on the
data below.

                             Frequency:
Height (feet):          (Number of pupils)     Relative frequency:
0-2                        0                                0
2-4                        1                                1
4-5                        4                                8
5-6                        8                                16
6-8                        2                                2
Real World Example
THANK YOU

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