Chapter 5

ACCOUNTING FOR MERCHANDISING

OPERATIONS
KẾ TOÁN TRONG DOANH NGHIỆP THƯƠNG MẠI

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

All Rights Reserved
 SERVICE COMPANIES
Service organizations sell time to
earn revenue.
Examples:
Examples: Accounting
Accounting firms,
firms, law firms and
plumbing services

Revenue Expense Net

s - s = income

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 2
 MERCHANDISING ACTIVITIES
Merchandising
Companies

Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer Customer

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 3
 REPORTING INCOME FOR A
MERCHANDISER
Merchandising companies sell products
to earn revenue.
Examples: sporting goods, clothing, and auto parts stores
Cost of
Net
Minus Goods Equals Gross Minus Expenses Equals Net
Sales Sold Profit Chi phí Income
Doanh thu Giá vốn hàng Lãi gộp
thuần Lãi
bán

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 4
 INVENTORY EQUATION - PHƯƠNG TRÌNH HÀNG TỒN KHO

Beginning
inventory

+ Hàng
Hàng tồn
tồn kho
kho đầu
đầu kỳ
Net cost of
kỳ

purchases
Hàng mua trong
kì
Cost of goods
sold
Giá vốn hàng bán

Ending
= Hàng
inventory
Hàng tồn
tồn kho
kho cuối
cuối kỳ
kỳ
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 5
 PERPETUAL AND PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEMS
PHƯƠNG PHÁP KÊ KHAI THƯỜNG XUYÊN
VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP KIỂM KÊ ĐỊNH KỲ
⮚ Perpetual systems - phương ⮚ Periodic systems - phương
pháp kê khai thường xuyên pháp kiểm kê định kỳ
⮚ continually update ⮚ accounting records
accounting records for relating to merchandise
merchandising transactions are updated
transactions only at the end of the
accounting period

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 6
 CÁC NGHIỆP VỤ CHỦ YẾU
TRONG KẾ TOÁN DOANH NGHIỆP THƯƠNG MẠI

1. Kế toán hoạt động Mua hàng

2. Kế toán hoạt động Bán hàng

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 7
 1. KẾ TOÁN HOẠT ĐỘNG MUA HÀNG

� Kế toán hàng mua theo hóa đơn

�Kế toán Chiết khấu thương mại được hưởng
�Kế toán Chiết khấu thanh toán được hưởng
�Kế toán Trả lại hàng mua và giảm giá hàng mua
�Kế toán Chi phí vận chuyển hàng mua

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 8
 MERCHANDISE PURCHASES
KẾ TOÁN LÚC MUA HÀNG

On November 2, Z-Mart purchased $1,200 of

merchandise inventory for cash.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 9
 TRADE DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THƯƠNG MẠI ĐƯỢC HƯỞNG

Used by manufacturers and wholesalers

to offer better prices for greater
quantities purchased.

Example
Example
Z-Mart
Z-Mart offers
offers aa 30%30% trade
trade
discount
discount onon orders
orders ofof 1,000
1,000
units
units or
or more
more of of their
their popular
popular
product
product Racer.
Racer. Each
Each
Racer
Racer has
has aa list
list price
price ofof $5.25.
$5.25.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 10
 VAT invoices.docx
❶
❶Seller
❷ ❷Invoice date
❸ ❸Purchaser
❹Order date
❺Credit terms
terms
❹ ❺ ❻ ❻Freight terms
❼Goods
❼ ❽Total invoice

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 11
 PURCHASE DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THANH TOÁN ĐƯỢC HƯỞNG

A deduction from the invoice price granted to

induce early payment of the amount due.

Credit Period
Credit Discount Period
Terms

Time

Amount Due: Invoice Due: Full Invoice Price

Due price minus
discount
Date of
Invoice
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 12
 PURCHASE DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THANH TOÁN ĐƯỢC HƯỞNG

On November 2nd, Z-Mart purchased $1,200

of merchandise inventory on account, credit
terms are 2/10, n/30.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 13
 PURCHASE DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THANH TOÁN ĐƯỢC HƯỞNG

On November 12th, Z-Mart paid the amount

due on the purchase of November 2nd .

$1,200 × 2% = $24 discount

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 14
 PURCHASE DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THANH TOÁN ĐƯỢC HƯỞNG

After we post these entries, the accounts

involved look like this:

Merchandise Inventory Accounts Payable

11/2 1,200 11/12 24 11/12 1,200 11/2 1,200

Bal. 1,176 Bal. 0

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 15
 PURCHASE RETURNS AND
ALLOWANCES
TRẢ LẠI HÀNG MUA VÀ GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG MUA

Purchase
Purchase Return
Return .. .. ..
Merchandise
Merchandise returned
returned byby the
the purchaser
purchaser to
to
the
the supplier.
supplier.
Purchase
Purchase Allowance
Allowance .. .. ..
A
A reduction
reduction in
in the
the cost
cost of
of defective
defective
merchandise
merchandise received
received byby aa purchaser
purchaser from
from
aa supplier.
supplier.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 16
 PURCHASE RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES -
TRẢ LẠI HÀNG MUA VÀ GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG MUA

On November 2nd, Z-Mart purchased

$1,200 of merchandise inventory on
account, credit terms are 2/10, n/30.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 17
 PURCHASE RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES -
TRẢ LẠI HÀNG MUA VÀ GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG MUA

On November 5th , Z-Mart returned $300 of

defective merchandise to the supplier.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 18
PURCHASE RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES -
TRẢ LẠI HÀNG MUA VÀ GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG MUA

On November 12th, Z-Mart paid the amount

owed for the purchase of November 2nd.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 19
 TRANSPORTATION COSTS
CHI PHÍ VẬN CHUYỂN KHI MUA HÀNG
Seller Carrier Buyer

FOB shipping Merchandise FOB

point destination
(buyer pays) (seller pays)

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 20
 TRANSPORTATION COSTS
CHI PHÍ VẬN CHUYỂN KHI MUA HÀNG

On November 2nd , Z-Mart purchased $1,200 of

merchandise inventory for cash and also paid
$75 transportation costs.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 21
 ACCOUNTING FOR
MERCHANDISE

Invoice cost of merchandise $ 235,80

Less
purchases 0
: Less: Purchase $ (4,200
Less: Purchase returns and
discounts (1,500
)
Add: Costs of transportation-
allowances )2,30
Total
in cost of merchandise purchased 0 $ 232,40
0

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 22
 2. KẾ TOÁN HOẠT ĐỘNG BÁN HÀNG

�Kế toán nghiệp vụ bán hàng hóa

�Kế toán các nghiệp vụ chiết khấu cho khách
hàng
�Kế toán hàng bán trả lại (khách hàng trả lại) và
giảm giá hàng bán

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 23
 2. ACCOUNTING FOR MERCHANDISE SALES
KẾ TOÁN BÁN HÀNG HÓA
Z-
MART
Computation of Gross
For Profit
Year Ended December 31, 2009
Sale $ 321,00
s
Less 0
: Sales $ 4,30
discounts
Sales returns and 0
2,00 6,30
Netallowances 0 0
314,70
sales
Cost of goods 0
230,40
sold
Gross $ 084,30
profit 0

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 24
 ACCOUNTING FOR MERCHANDISE SALES
KẾ TOÁN KHI BÁN HÀNG

On November 3rd , Z-Mart sold $2,400 of

merchandise on credit. The merchandise has a
cost basis to Z-Mart of $1,600.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 25
 SALES DISCOUNTS
CHIẾT KHẤU THANH TOÁN CHO KHÁCH

Z-Mart completes a credit sale for $1,000 on November 12th,

the merchandise cost $800. Terms of 2/10, n/60, and the
account was paid in full within the discount period.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 26
 SALES RETURNS AND ALLOWANCES
HÀNG BÁN BỊ TRẢ LẠI VÀ GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG BÁN

Recall Z-Mart’s sale for $2,400 that had a cost

of $1,600. Assume the customer returns part of
the merchandise. The returned items sell for
$800 and cost $600.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 27
 SALES ALLOWANCES
GIẢM GIÁ HÀNG BÁN

Recall the $800 of merchandise sold by Z-

Mart to a customer. The merchandise was
defective but the customer agreed to keep it
because Z-Mart offers a $100 price reduction.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 28
 ADJUSTING ENTRIES FOR
MERCHANDISERS

Z-Mart’s Merchandise Inventory account at the end

of 2009 has a balance of $21,250, but a physical
count reveals that only $21,000 of inventory exists.
Z-Mart suffered a $250 shrinkage.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 29
 CLOSING ENTRIES FOR
MERCHANDISERS

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 30
 CLOSING ENTRIES FOR
MERCHANDISERS

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 31
 CLOSING ENTRIES FOR
MERCHANDISERS

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 32
 CLOSING ENTRIES FOR
MERCHANDISERS

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 33
 INCOME STATEMENT FORMATS

�Multiple-Step

�Single-Step

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 34
 MULTIPLE-STEP INCOME
STATEMENT

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 35
 SINGLE-STEP INCOME STATEMENT

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 36
 REVIEW

Học xong chương này bạn phải:

�Nắm được đặc trưng của kế toán trong doanh
nghiệp thương mại.
�Biết cách xác định giá vốn hàng bán trong DN
thương mại.
�Biết hạch toán các nghiệp vụ liên quan đến hàng
mua phát sinh trong kì.
�Biết hạch toán các nghiệp vụ liên quan đến bán
hàng phát sinh trong kì.

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 37
 END OF CHAPTER 5

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 38