REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block
Step down
Bridge Capacitive Regulator +5V DC
230 v AC transformer
rectifier filter (7805)
(V-0-12 )
TRANSFORMER
Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field
present between primary and secondary windings.
It has two windings called as primary winding and
secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input
voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is
12v(ac only).
We have two types of transformers
Step up transformer.
Step down transformer.
STEP UP TRANSFORMER STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
This transformer will This type of transformers
step up the voltage that is will step down the voltage.
this transformer will That is this will convert high
increase the voltage. voltage in to low voltage.
e.g.. V-0-12 e.g.. 0- 430
RECTIFIER
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have two
types of rectifier.
1. Full wave rectifier
2. Half wave rectifier
Full wave rectifier again classified as follows
1. Bridge rectifier
2. Cetertapped full wave rectifier
In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the
efficiency of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all
rectifiers.
Filter
The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some
ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this
ripple components which are present in output we are using
filter.
Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present
in rectified output.
We have many types of filters. Most of the power supplies are
using capacitor filter to filter out the ripples present in output.
Regulator
The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies
according to changes in input but we want constant output voltage.
For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.
Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain constant
output irrespective of changes in input.
The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series have
more advantages.
We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v output
voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.
RF transmitter circuit
433.92 MHz Frequency
Low Cost
1.5-12V operation
11mA current consumption at 3V
Small size
4 dBm output power at 3V
RF RECEIVER
Pin Description
A0~A7: Input pins for address A0~A7 setting.
D0~D3: Input pins for data
DOUT: Encoder data serial transmission output
OSC1, OSC2 Oscillator input pin
VCC Positive power supply
TE is a transmission enable pin of the HT12E.
Features
A. Low Cost
B. 5V operation
C. 3.5mA current drain
D. No External Parts are required
E. Receiver Frequency: 433.92 MHZ
F. Typical sensitivity: -105dBm
[Link] Frequency: 1MHz
RF COMMUNICATION
Pin description
A0~A7 (HT12D): Input pins for address A0~A7 setting
These pins can be externally set to VSS or left open.
D0~D (HT12D): Output data pins, power-on state are low.
DIN: Serial data input pin
VT: Valid transmission, active high
OSC1: Oscillator input pin
OSC2: Oscillator output pin
RELAY
► Relay is an electromagnetic switch. . It consists of a coil of
wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which
provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable
iron armature, and a set, or sets, of contacts; two in the relay
pictured. The armature is hinged to the yoke and
mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts.
► When an electric current is passed through the coil, the
resulting magnetic field attracts the armature and the
consequent movement of the movable contact or contacts
either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact.
RELAY CIRCUIT
Applications of relays
Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage
signal, as in some types of modems or audio
amplifiers.
Control a high-current circuit with a low-current
signal, as in the starter solenoid of an automobile.
Detect and isolate faults on transmission and
distribution lines by opening and closing circuit
breakers (protection relays).
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor
diode that radiates light (electro luminescence) when current
passes through it in the forward direction.
Infrared LED to work in our remote controls, and get other
ones of different colors to make indicators or, in large arrays,
displays - even color ones.
The color of the emitted light depends on the composition
and condition of the semi conducting material used, and can
be infrared, visible, or near-ultraviolet.
Advantages
Very useful for physically handicapped
people.
Low power consumption.
Efficient design.
This system can be attached to any movable
part of the body.
Wireless control of home appliances
Disadvantages
1. MEMS Accelerometer interfacing to
Microcontroller is sensitive.
Feed back of the operated appilances is not
present.
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Queries
