WORKSHOP ON ARDUINO
BY : Abhinav
8434928102 abhinav33303@gmail.com
• Abhinav :
• From Uem Kolkata , CSE department , 3rd Year and part of Urecon Team ,
member of Instution Innovation council and Member of IETE Student chaper
UEMK
• Working on Arduino and similar microcontrollers from more than 5 years.
• Made more than 100 Projects Including all small and big projects.
• Published some Research papers and filed some patents also.
Know your instructor
Ritayan Dhara :
He is a 3rd year student of ECE department of UEM kolkata. He is a
highly experienced guy , Represented and won many prizes for our
institute . He is having many projects related to robotics , heavy weight
robots , high torque robots , machine learning and computer vision.
Know your co instructors
HISTORY
OF
ARDUINO
1 INITIAL HISTORY
.• Was a college project in 2005.
• Project of some students from instute of Ivrea in Italy(IDII).
• Aim : To creat a low cost hardware and software which will help kids,
adults , mango people and profesionals to create their own devices.
2 Need for new device
.• At that time students have only 1 option for
developing systems.
• That was : BASIC STAMP Microcontroller.
• Problem : too costly arount 50$ . (2,173₹
acording to rate exchange of 2005.)
3 Who and how
.• In 2003 , Hernando Barragán created the development platform Wiring
as a Master's thesis project at IDII, under the supervision of Massimo
Banzi and Casey Reas.
• Casey Reas a co-Creator of Processing IDE .
• Wiring IDE Aim : Low cost tools for creating digital projects by non-
Engineers
• whats inside Wiring IDE ?
• lets see...................................................................................
3 who and how
.• wiring only works for a custom pcb made by using atmega168
microcontroller.
4 Arduino Final history
•.In 2005
• Two new guys( Massimo Banzi, with David Mellis) made a custom hardware
from Atmega8 microprocessor and added it's support to wiring IDE.
• These guys named their project Arduino.
• and this way arduino was created .
• Core members of arduino = (members of wiring ide project)+ (member of
• Arduino projects)
5 Who can use arduino ?
. Licensed under a CC-BY-SA license,
• it means any one can manufacture and sell these board and also make
systems using Arduino and sell them.
•
• for example : Adafruit : a company sells different sensors and arduino
boards.
Now lets start learning
Basic
Electronics
Components
1 Led's
.
Name : Light emmiting diode
Produces light when dc voltage is
applied
rating : 1.5 to 3.2v and 20 mA
we use register with led
2 Registers.
.
we use registers to reduce the
current flow , in divider circuits etc..
we measure it in Ohms.
we use it with leds to reduce the
current rush ..... lets see it in our
simulator.
3 Breadboard.
.
used for testing circuits .
sholderless connections.
first and last 2 rows are connected
vertically.
and all other holes are connected
horizontally.
4 Push-button.
.
kind of a switch.
works as it name:
push the button - circuit on.
leave it circuit off
lets see how it works on simulator.
Don't worry we will learn
about more components
later.
Let's start
arduino
Programng
Now before moving further
let's Understand Arduino
Uno
2 Arduino Uno
.Arduino Uno is a one of the arduino
board
Pins : digital I/O pins : 14
Analog input pins : 6
working voltage : max 5v & 500mA
through usb
12v & 2A through dc jack
and 5v 1A through Vin pin.
Lets learn about all the pins of arduino
Pin Configration in
Arduino
TYPES OF PINS
Power Pins Digital Pins
01 03
Analog Pins
02
01 POWER PINS
1. 5v Pin
2. 3.3v Pin
3. Reset Pin
4.Ground Pin
5. Vin Pin (INPUT )
02 ANALOG PINS
These pins are used for capturing analog
inputs from sensors.
6 analog pins
A4 = SDA(serial data)
A5 = SCL(serial clock)
A4 and A5 pins are used for
I2C comunications
03 DIGITAL PINS
PIN 0 AND 1
Pin 0 = RX (Reciver )
Pin 1 = TX (Transmitter)
Pin (0,1) used for serial communication.
means read data from another sensor/device
NOTE :
Don't connect any output device to these pins.
04 PWM PINS
6 PWM Pins (3 ,5 ,6, 9 ,10 , 11)
PWM pins are represented by '~' .
PWM = PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
In simple language change voltage between 0V
to 5V
05 DIGITAL PINS
Used for Digital output means for on and off
in computer language these pins have 2 states
either 0 or 1. (0 = 0V and 1 = 5V)
1 Programing basics.
.
concept you know before starting
1. functions.
2. working of if and else conditions.
3. basics of c/c++ .
Most important :
don't forget to use semicolon ;
Lets see how Arduino ide and tinkercad works.
2 Blink the Led .
.OBJECTIVE :
To turn on the led for 1 second
and then turn it off for the next 1
second using arduino board.
STRATEGY:
step 1 : Make the circuit
Step 2 : Program it
(moving to simulator)
3 Other Projects
.2. Led dimmer with arduino.
Objective : increase/ decrease the brightness of the led's using a knob.
3. Push button with arduino.
Objective : use 2 leds, turn green led on when button is pressed
otherwise turn on red led.
4. Dc motor with arduino.
Objective : use a dc motor with arduino and controll its speed.
Sensors
and
modules
LDR with ARDUINO
1. What is a LDR ?
LDR is short name of Light dependent resistance . It is a kind of variable
resistance whose resistance varries with intensity of light . when there is
low light it resistance is very high and vise versa .
Light : 400 ohms
No light : 9,000 ohms (9 kilo ohms)
These values are aprox . values deffer from ldr to ldr
2. How to connect LDR with Arduino
Let's see.............
3 . why Voltage divider configration ?
We use voltage divider configration to get reference voltage . But why because
theoriticaly at no light , resistance of LDR is 9000 ohms whichis too much . so we
use voltage divider configration.
Describing Voltage divider law in brief :
+
Vin
Vout= Vin x (R1 / R1+R2)
R1 -
few calcution
Vin = 5 v + Vout (A0)
R1 = 1000 ohm R2
R2 :
day = 400 ohms
night = 9,000 ohms
Vout =
( R1
___________
R1+R2 ) Vin
Light intensitiy = High :
• Vout = 5 [1000 / (1,000+400)]
• = 5 (1000 / 1,400)
• = 3.57 V or analog value = 728
Light intensitiy = LOW :
• Vout = 5 [1,000/ (1,000+9,000)]
• = 5 (1,000/ 10,000)
• = 0.5 V or analog value = 102
Lets do programming.........
SERVO MOTORS
WHAT IS A SERVO MOTOR
It is a type of motor whose motion can be controlled in terms
of angle . for example 15 degrees ,90 degrees etc.
Types of servo motors
There are manly 2 type of servo motors
1. 180 degree servo motors
2. 360 degree / continous servo motors
Different sizes of servo motors
How to interface Servo motors with arduino
Pin configration of servo motor
Now lets learn its programming
Ultrasonic Sensor
How Ultrasonic sensors
work ?
• Sends a high frequency sound (ultrasound) and wait for sound to reflect back.
• count how much time it takes to come back .(we can call this echo )
• speed = distance /time . so,
• Time = distance / speed
• Speed of ultrasound = 340 m/s
• or 0.034 cm / micro sec
• lets say object is at 1 cm away so
• distance = 2cm (because ultrasound will cover twice the distance )
time = 2/ 0.034 = 58.8 micro sec.
microcontrollers calculation.
Our sensor HC- SR04
HC-SR04 Specifications
• Working Voltage: DC 5V
• Working Current: 15mA
• Working Frequency: 40Hz
• Max Range: 4m
• Min Range: 2cm
• Measuring Angle: 15 degree
Projects :
• Digital scale
• Parking sensor
• Blind stick
• I.O.T projects .....like distance avoiding bot , water level
indicators etc...
Pin configration :
Vcc : +5 v
Trig : Transmitter pin(Output pin)
Echo : Reciever pin (Input pin)
Gnd : Ground pin
Circuit Digram
• lets see ....
IR Sensor
Working of remotes
Universal IR Reciever
• we will interface universal IR
sensor with arduino to control
arduino from any remote .
• some common ir recivers we use
:
• TSOP1838 , VS1838 etc ..
Circuit digram and pin configration
• Lets see circuit diagram....
Arduino programming.
DHT 11/22
Basics of DHT 11 / 22 sensors
DHT stands for Digital Humidity and temprature
IT is a temprature and Humidity sensor .
you can get the temprature and humidity of the surrounding using
this sensor.
Very low cost and simple to use sensor .
Difference between DHT 11 and 22
Circuit Digram
Lets see coding...........
Next level to Arduino
Raspberry pi
1 what is it
.IT is a low cost computer .
to use it you need a tv monitor,
keyboar and mouse.
you can browse internet , play
games,make spreadsheets and
program its GPIO pins through
programming language like Python.
comes in different specifications and
sizes.
2 Difference between arduino and Pi
.
1 Summery of this workshop
.Covered :
History of arduino.
How to use Arduino IDE and Tinkercad plateform.
Basic electronic components and uses with arduino.
Made some projects and learned more about programming with arduino.
Seen science behind some sensors and how to interface them with
arduino.
Seen next step to arduino i.e. : Raspberry pi.
difference between Arduino and Pi.
Thank you
From
