CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY:
PRASAD GHODKE 111107023
SAGAR METRI 111107042
AMAR RAUT 111107053
SACHIN SHINDE111107055
ROHIT SANGLE 111107057
WHAT IS WASTE MATERIAL?
ANY MATERIAL NOT NEEDED BY THE PRODUCER
PROCESSOR OR OWNER
ANY DISCARDED MATERIAL WHICH HARFULLY
AFFECTS ENVIRONMENT OR LIVING BEINGS.
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling or disposal and monitoring of waste materials.
The two conventional principles of waste management were:
‘Dilute and disperse’ or ‘concentrate and contain’.
The main necessity of waste management is to enrich the
resources which are being depleted due to rising population and
increasing consumption rates.
Solid Waste
CLASSIFICATION
Domestic waste
Factory waste
Waste from oil factory
E-waste
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Food processing waste
Bio-medical waste
Nuclear waste
Classification of Wastes
Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste
etc.
E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,
music systems etc.
Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries,
distilleries, thermal power plants
Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants
CAUSES OF SOLID WASTE
The main sources for solid wastes are domestic,
commercial, industrial, municipal, and agricultural
wastes.
The composition of a city waste is as follows:
Paper, wood, cardboard 53 %
Metals 8 %
Rubber, plastics, discarded textiles 7 %
Ceramics, glass, crockery 10 %
Garbage 22 %
A. OVER POPULATION:
POLLUTION NATURALLY INCREASES WITH THE GROWING
NUMBER OF PERSONS, PRODUCE MORE WASTE.
B. AFFLUENCE:
THE TENDENCY TO PRONOUNCE THE THINGS AS FASHION
AND CHECK THEM OUT, WHEN NOT REQUIRED AS OUT OF FASHION.
C. TECHNOLOGY:
PACKAGING OF MOST OF THE GIFTS IS CONSIDERED AS THE SOURCE OF
SOLID WASTE POLLUTION AS MOST OF THESE ARE NON-
BIODEGRADABLE.
D. DUE TO POOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
LAWS, URBANIZATION, LACK OF AWARENESS AND LACK OF
PARTICIPATION FROM THE PUBLIC, THE PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE HAS
INCREASED AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL.
E. GROWTH IN CONSUMPTION LEADS TO CONSUMPTION OF ITEMS AND
ON THE OTHER HAND, WASTES PRODUCTION.
AFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE POLLUTION
A. CONTAMINATES WATER AND AIR, RESULTING INTO DISEASES AND
DYSENTERY IN HUMAN BEINGS.
B. MOSQUITOES BREED IN THE STAGNANT WATER, BLOCKED DUE TO
WASTE CHOKED IN THE DRAINS.
C. DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE SPREADS OBNOXIOUS ODOUR IN
THE AIR, THUS POLLUTING IT.
D. BURNING OF WASTE, ESPECIALLY PLASTIC ADDS UP OBNOXIOUS
FUMES IN THE AIR.
E. GARBAGE DUMPS AND DECOMPOSED WASTE HELPS MANY HARMFUL
SPECIES TO BREED IN THEM.
F. THE INFECTED WATER SUPPLY ALSO LEADS TO LARGE SCALE
EPIDEMICS.
NEED FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
India generates around 0.2 to 0.3 million tons of waste on an
average everyday
Pollution
It devalues nearby land properties
Pollutes groundwater, air and produces pungent odor
Hazardous plastic waste(indegradable)
Creates health issues
• CLOUDBURST IN MUMBAI (2005) CLOGGED THE SEWAGE LINE DUE
TO LARGE NO. OF PLASTIC BAGS
• BLAST IN THE BHUSAN STEEL FACTORY AT NOIDA, CAUSED DUE TO
IMPORTED SCRAP FROM IRAN
• REDUCTION IN THE NUMBER OF MIGRATORY BIRDS DUE TO
CONSUMPTION OF CONTAMINATED FOODS
• STRAY ANIMALS DYING ON STREETS AND FARMLAND DUE TO
CONSUMPTION OF PLASTIC BAGS, WHICH BLOCKS THE FOOD
MOVEMENT IN THEIR STOMACH
Open dumps create a
public nuisance,
divert land from
more productive uses,
and depress the value
of surrounding land.
Opendumps have
become the feeding
grounds for children
from poor homes
MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM
- Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per
annum
- With urban population increasing between 3 –
3.5% per annum
- Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%
annually
- India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid
waste annually at present.
- Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm
to 600 gm per capita / day. Average generation rate at
0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
- Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of
the solid waste generated.
% Collection of waste in cities
QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION
TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE 1.15 LAKH TONNE
GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS PER DAY (TPD)
OF THE COUNTRY
% OF TOTAL
GARBAGE
WASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD 18.35%
WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD 17.08%
(1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)
WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER 42,635.28 TPD 37.07%
CLASS-I TOWNS
(0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) ____________ _________
83,378.28 TPD 72.50%
IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE
OF WASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5% OF TOTAL
WASTE.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
REUSE RECYCLE
Burning of combustible solid wastes in properly
constructed incineration plants.
Recovers energy that would otherwise be
lost.
Disadvantage-Emits dangerous cancer causing
compounds called Dioxins
The conversion of biodegradable waste like vegetable peels into manure to use in agricultural
purposes.
PROCESSES CARRIED OUT DURING THE SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
WASTE COLLECTION
SEGREGATION
RECYCLING
SHREDDING OR PULVERIZING
COMPOSTING
WASTE COLLECTION
From individual houses, wastes can be collected in person with
the help of vehicle.
To minimize the time and cost involved in collecting waste
through vehicles, public can be given instruction to dump their
house wastes in one place (nearby their street).
SEGREGATION
SEPARATION INTO DEGRADABLE & NON-DEGRADABLE MATERIALS
USE OF MAGNET
REDUCES AMOUNT OF WASTE GOING FOR COMPOSTING
RECYCLING
The non-degradable and degradable wastes can be recycled very
economically in the recycling
plants.
Apart from sending wastes to recycling plant, recycling of some
organic waste is possible.
Some of the waste recycling techniques are: Fly ash, Organic
wastes, Slag and scrap, Industrial gases, Waste waters,
Recovery of silver from photographic films.
COMPOSTING
Aerobic composting is one of the cheapest and easiest methods
that are being available for MSW.
Generally, composting can be carried out in three techniques.
They are
i) Windrow composting
ii) Aerated static pile method
iii) In vessel method
THANK YOU
