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Slide-4.1Frequency Analysis Fo Discrete-Time Signal

Digital Signal Processing is a course of computer science and engineering department in all countries. This is the 4th chapter.

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musa
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58 views18 pages

Slide-4.1Frequency Analysis Fo Discrete-Time Signal

Digital Signal Processing is a course of computer science and engineering department in all countries. This is the 4th chapter.

Uploaded by

musa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Frequency analysis of a

discrete time signal

Abu Saleh Musa Miah


Assistant Professor,
Dept. of CSE, BAUST, Bangladesh
email: musa@baust.edu.bd, tel: +8801734264899
web: www.baust.edu.bd/cse
Fourier series for discrete time periodic signal

  
Frequency range of CT signal is
 Frequency range of DT signal is -R to R or 0 to 2R.
 Frequency component of DT is
 For a periodic signal x(n+N)=x(n) N is the period of the signal
 Fourier series for discrete time periodic signal is defined as

 (4.2.1)

 Where {Ck is the coefficient in the series representation.} to


derive this coefficient we use following formula
(4.2.2)
Fourier series for discrete time periodic signal
  
 (4.2.1)

(4.2.2)
 Note the similarity of (4.2.2) with the continuous-time counterpart in (4.1.3).
The
 proof of (4.2.2) follows immediately from the application of the geometric
summation formula
Fourier series for discrete time
periodic signal

  
Now,

  
Frequency analysis of discrete-time periodic
signals
Power Density Spectrum of Periodic Signals
The average power of a discrete-time periodic signal with period P was
defined in (2.1.23) as

We shall now derive an expression for P, in terms of the Fourier coefficient


(ck}. If we use the relation (4.2.7) in (4.2.10). we have
Power Density Spectrum of Periodic Signals
The sequence for k = 0, 1, . . . , N - 1 is the distribution of power as a
function of frequency and is called the power density spectrum of the periodic
signal.
The Fourier Transform of Discrete-Time Aperiodic Signals
Just as in the case of continuous-time aperiodic energy signals, the
frequency analysis of discrete-time aperiodic finite-energy signals involves
a Fourier transform of the time-domain signal.

Consequently, the development in this section parallels to a large extent,


that given in Section 4.1.3.

The Fourier transform of a finite-energy discrete-time signal x ( n ) is


defined as
The Fourier Transform of Discrete-Time Aperiodic Signals

The Fourier transform of a finite-energy discrete-time signal x ( n ) is defined


as

 Physically. X(w) represents the frequency content of the signal x(n) . In other
words, X(w) is a decomposition of x(n) into its frequency components.

Two different:
1. the Fourier transform, and hence the spectrum of the signal, have a
frequency range of (- ). In contrast, the frequency range for a discrete-time
signal is unique over the frequency interval of (-, )
or. equivalently, ( 0 , 2 )

2. The second basic difference is also a consequence of the discrete-time


nature of the signal. Since the signal is discrete in time. the Fourier
transform of the signal involves a summation of terms instead of an integral
The Fourier Transform of Discrete-Time Aperiodic Signals

The Fourier transform of a finite-energy discrete-time signal x ( n ) is defined


as
The Fourier Transform of Discrete-Time Aperiodic
Signals

By combining (4.2.25) and (4.2.26). we obtain the desired result that


The Fourier Transform of Discrete-Time Aperiodic
Signals
Energy Density Spectrum of Aperiodic Signals

Therefore. the energy relation


between x ( n ) and X(w) is
Example 4.2.3
 Derermine and sketch thc energy densiry spectrum S(w) of the signal
Example 4.2.3
 Derermine and sketch the energy density spectrum S(w) of the signal

Figure 4.15 shows the signal x (n) and its corresponding spectrum for
a = 0.5 and a = -0.5. Note that for a = -0.5 the signal has more rapid
variations and as a result its spectrum has stronger high frequencies
The Discrete Fourier Transform (dFT)
 The development in the preceding section is concerned with the frequency-domain sampling
of an aperiodic finite-energy sequence x ( n ) .

 In general, the equally spaced frequency samples X (2πk/N) , k = 0,1. . . . ,N -1, do not
uniquely represent the original sequence x(n) when x(n) has infinite duration.

 Instead, the frequency samples X(2πk/N) , k = 0,1. . . . ,N - 1, correspond to a periodic


sequence x(n) of period N , where x,(n) is an aliased version of x(n) ,

a finite-duration sequence x(n) of length L [i.e., x(n) = 0 for n < 0 and n 2 L]


has a Fourier transform

 
where the upper and lower indices in the summation reflect the fact that x ( n )
= 0 outside the range . When we sample X(w) at equally spaced
frequencies wk = 2πk./N. k = 0, 1. 2.. . . . N - 1. where N >= L. the resultant
samples are
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

For the frequency samples X ( 2 πk / N ) , k = 0,1. . . . ,N - 1,

 
where for convenience. the upper index in the sum has been increased from L – 1
to N - 1 since x ( n ) = 0 for

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