[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
51 views28 pages

Basal Ganglia: DR Amit Kumar Associate Professor Anatomy CIMS

Uploaded by

Gaurav Madhwani

The document discusses the basal ganglia, which are sub-cortical masses of grey matter that help organize and coordinate motor movements and posture. The main components of the basal ganglia are the corpus striatum, amygdaloid body, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt

Basal Ganglia: DR Amit Kumar Associate Professor Anatomy CIMS

Uploaded by

Gaurav Madhwani
51 views28 pages
The document discusses the basal ganglia, which are sub-cortical masses of grey matter that help organize and coordinate motor movements and posture. The main components of the basal ganglia are the corpus striatum, amygdaloid body, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity.

Original Description:

Basal nuclei by sir

Original Title

Basal Nuclei

Copyright

© © All Rights Reserved

Available Formats

PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

The document discusses the basal ganglia, which are sub-cortical masses of grey matter that help organize and coordinate motor movements and posture. The main components of the basal ganglia are the corpus striatum, amygdaloid body, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
51 views28 pages

Basal Ganglia: DR Amit Kumar Associate Professor Anatomy CIMS

Uploaded by

Gaurav Madhwani
The document discusses the basal ganglia, which are sub-cortical masses of grey matter that help organize and coordinate motor movements and posture. The main components of the basal ganglia are the corpus striatum, amygdaloid body, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra to decrease muscle tone and inhibit unwanted muscular activity.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 28

BASAL GANGLIA

Dr Amit Kumar
Associate Professor
Anatomy CIMS
Basal Nuclei(Basal Ganglia)
• Sub-cortical masses of grey matter

• Embryologically- derived from Telencephalon

• Sub cortical cell stations for extra-pyramidal motor


pathway

Main Function
• Organize & Co-ordinate motor movements & posture
• Major Effect – Decrease muscle tone & Inhibit
unwanted muscular activity
Basal Nuclei

Components
1.Corpus Striatum
▪ Caudate nucleus (Medial part)
▪ Lentiform(Lenticular) Nucleus(lateral part)
❖ Putamen (outer Part)
❖ Globus pallidus (Inner Part)
2.Amygdaloid (nuclear complex) body
3.Claustrum
Basal Nuclei
Basal Nuclei
• Striatum- caudate nucleus + Putamen
• Pallidum- Globus pallidus

By Evolution
Archistriatum- Amygdaloid complex- oldest
Paleostriatum- Globus pallidus
Neostriatum- Caudate nucleus + Putamen
Caudate Nucleus
• C (comma) Shaped arched band of Grey matter
• Lie in curvature of lateral ventricle
• Head , Body & tail
Head of Caudate Nucleus

• Rounded large ant.


end in front of
Inter-ventricular
foramen
• Bulges into floor
& lateral wall of
Ant. horn of lat.
Ventricle
Relations
•Laterally
• Ant. Limb of internal capsule
• - Lentiform nucleus
seperated by ant. Limb

•Below the ant limb –


band of grey matter connect
head with putamen of lentiform
nucleus
Body of Caudate Nucleus
• Long narrow tapering
• Form floor of central part of lateral ventricle
• Separated from thalamus by stria terminalis &
thalamostriate vein
Tail of Caudate Nucleus
• Long slender , run
downward &forward
• Form roof of inferior horn
of lateral ventricle
• Terminates anteriorly in
the amygdaloid body

• Related above with


Thalamus , seperated by
sublentiform part of
internal capsule
• & Globus pallidus
seperated by external
capsule
Lentiform (lenticular) nucleus

• Bi-convex (Lens shaped)


mass of grey matter
• Convexity more
pronounced on medial
side
Lentiform (lenticular) nucleus
• Divided by an External
medullary lamina into an outer
larger part (Putamen) – Dark
in colour
• & an inner smaller part
(Globus pallidus) – slightly
pale appearance

• G. pallidus – subdivided by
internal medullary lamina into
Outer & inner segments
Lentiform (lenticular) nucleus
Relations – from within
outwards
• Covered by thin sheet of
white matter called external
capsule
• Thin sheet of grey matter
(Claustrum) which lie
outside the external capsule
• White & grey matter of the
Insula
Claustrum

• Thin Sheet of Grey Matter


• Traced below & front ,
Claustrum is continuous with
Anterior perforated substance &
Amygdaloid body
• Claustrum may be derived from
detached part of Insular cortex
or from Corpus striatum or from
both
• Connections & Functions – not
properly known
Amygdaloid body (Archistriatum)

• Almond shaped mass of grey matter in


temporal lobe
• Lie antero-superior to the tip of inferior
horn
• Situated deep to uncus
• Developmentally related to basal nuclei but
functionally included in limbic system
Basal Nuclei (striatum) -
Connections
Afferent
• Cerebral cortex (Mostly Ipsilateral) -Cortico-striate
• Thalamus – from centromedian , Intra-laminar &
midline nuclei- Thalamo-striate
• Substantia Nigra – Nigro-striate (pars Copacta) –
Dopaminergic
Efferent
Mostly striato-pallidal
Some to thalamic nuclei & S.nigra-pars reticularis
(striato-nigral)
Basal Nuclei
Functions
⮚ Controls automatic associated movements –
swinging of arms during walking
⮚ Planning & programming of voluntary
movements
⮚ Determine rapidity & length of movement
⮚ Decrease & regulate muscle tone & inhibit
unwanted muscular activity – smoothening
of voluntary motor activity of body
⮚ Control reflex muscular activity
Applied Anatomy
• Increased muscle tone
Parkinsons disease- depletion of dopamine
in substantia nigra & neo-striatum
• Abnormal involuntary movements
Huntingtons Chorea – decreased GABA in
striato-nigral fibres
• Athetosis
• Hemibellism

You might also like