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HERMENEUTICAL
ISSUES IN OLD
TESTAMENT
PROPHECY
 HOW DID THE OLD
TESTAMENT PROPHETS
PREDICT JESUS?
…beginning with Moses
and with all the prophets,
He explained to them the
things concerning
Himself in all the
Scriptures (Luke 24:27).
 The Meaning of
“Fulfillment”
• Different from our use of the
term
• Application of a passage -
Midrash
• Multiple fulfillments
Categories of Fulfillment

• Non-Predictions (Hosea 11:1)

• Predictions Completed (Isaiah 7:14)
• Predictions Incomplete (Jeremiah
31:15)
• Predictions Uninitiated (Isaiah 9:1-2;
Zechariah 9:9)
 Assyrian
In earlier times He treated Invasion
the land of Zebulun and the Ministry of
land of Naphtali with Jesus in
contempt, Galilee
But later on He shall make
it glorious, by the way of
the sea, on the other side
of Jordan, Galilee of the
Gentiles.
The people who walk in
darkness
Will see a great light;
Those who live in a dark  Jerusalem
land,
The light will shine on them.
 Zechariah 9:9
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion!
Shout in triumph, O daughter of
Jerusalem!
Behold, your king is coming to you;
He is just and endowed with
salvation,
Humble, and mounted on a donkey,
Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.
 Messiah’s Messiah’s
Babylonian First Second
Exile Coming Coming
  

The restoration The era of The New Earth

from captivity of Pentecost and and the Age to
the Jews the Gospel Come
Perspective
of the Partial Spiritual Universal
Hebrew Fulfillment Fulfillment Fulfillment
Prophets
The nations Nations are free The nations
oppress the to hear the serve the King
people of God witness of Christ forever
 F ir s t S econd
P r o p h e t’s A dvent A dvent
S it u a tio n o f C h r is t o f C h r is t
Types of Fulfillments

• Literal
• Figurative
• Spiritual
 Literal Fulfillments

• Ezekiel 26:1-14 and the fall of Tyre

• Zechariah 9:9 where the Messiah
rides into Jerusalem on a donkey
• Psalm 22:18 where the soldiers cast
lots for the garments of Jesus
 Figurative fulfillments
• John 2:19. "Destroy this temple and in
three days I will raise it up.”
• Psalm 118:22. The stone which the
builders rejected
• Isaiah 22:22. Key of the House of
David
• Zechariah 13:7. Strike the shepherd
 Spiritual Fulfillments

• Isaiah 2:2-3 speaks of the mountain

of the house of the Lord
• Amos 9:11-12 tells how God will raise
up the fallen booth of David, and wall
up its breaches and raise up its ruins,
and rebuild it as in the days of old
 The Purpose of
Prophecy
• To affect the conduct of those who
hear the prophecy
• To build faith
• To encourage believers who are in
the midst of a difficult situation
 KEYS TO UNLOCKING
PROPHECY
• The New Testament is Necessary to
Interpreting the Old Testament
• The Old Testament is Necessary to
Interpreting the New Testament
• The Bible is to Interpret our Current
Events, not the Reverse
• The Symbolic Nature of Dreams and
Visions
ARE WE LIVING IN
THE LAST DAYS?
Hal Lindsey: The Late Great
Planet Earth, 1970: "A
generation in the Bible is
something like forty years. If
this is a correct deduction,
then within forty years or so
of 1948, all these things could
take place".
Chuch Smith, Calvary Chapel, Future
Survival (Costa Mesa, Ca: The Word For
Today, 1978).

Page 17, "We're the generation that saw

the fig tree bud forth, as Israel became a
nation again in 1948. As a rule, a
generation in the Bible lasts 40 years.
The children of Israel journeyed in the
wilderness for 40 years until that
generation died. Forty years after 1948
would bring us to 1988."
Ibid, page 20, "From my understanding
of biblical prophecies, I'm convinced
that the Lord is coming for His Church
before the end of 1981. I could be
wrong but it's a deep conviction in my
heart, and all my plans are predicated
upon that belief.
Ibid, page 21, The Lord said that
towards the end of the Tribulation
period the sun would scorch men
who dwell upon the face of the
earth (Rev. 16). The year 1986
would fit just about right.
Tim LaHaye, The Beginning of the End;
Tyndale House Publishers, 1972.

In discussing who is the generation that

shall see the return of Christ, LaHaye
taught that it was the people who saw the
First World War (Pg 165). It would be
foolhardy to say exactly, but perhaps
somewhere between five years and
fourteen years of age in 1914. I believe it
is the last generation which our Lord said
“will not pass away till all those things be
fulfilled (Pg 166).
 The “Latter Days”
According to Moses
 Judgment for Blessings for
Unfaithfulness Faithfulness

•Famine •Fertility
•Military Defeat •Military Victory

Repentance
 The “Latter Days”
according to Moses
But from there you will seek the LORD
your God, and you will find Him if you
search for Him with all your heart and
all your soul. 30 When you are in
distress and all these things have come
upon you, in the latter days, you will
return to the LORD your God and listen
to His voice (Deuteronomy 4:29-30).
 “The Latter Days” in the
Early Prophets
• Unfaithfulness will lead to Deportation
and Exile
• Repentance will lead to Return and
Restoration
• The Last Days will be that time of
Eventual Blessing
“The Latter Days” in the
Early Prophets
The Lord God has sworn by His holiness,
"Behold, the days are coming upon you
When they will take you away with meat
hooks,
And the last of you with fish hooks. (Amos
4:2).
 Amos 9:11-12
In that day I will raise up the fallen booth
of David,
And wall up its breaches;
I will also raise up its ruins,
And rebuild it as in the days of old;
12 That they may possess the remnant of

Edom
And all the nations who are called by My
name,"
Declares the LORD who does this.
Additional patterns seen
in the Early Prophets
• The King
• The Temple
• The Gentiles
 The King
EXILE RESTORATION

• David’s Descendants • A Glorious Throne

taken into exile will be established
• Isaiah 39:6-7. “All • Jeremiah 3:17.
that is in your “They shall call
house… shall be Jerusalem, ‘The
carried to throne of the
Babylon…” Lord…’”
 The Temple
EXILE RESTORATION

• Temple to be • A Glorious Temple

Destroyed will be established
• Micah 3:12. “Zion • Isaiah 2:2. “The
will be plowed as a mountain of the
field. Jerusalem will house of the Lord
become a heap of will be established...”
ruins…”
 The Gentiles
EXILE RESTORATION

• Gentiles Victorious • Gentiles punished for

over Israel plundering Israel
 Isaiah 2:2
Now it will come about that in the last
days,
The mountain of the house of the LORD
Will be established as the chief of the
mountains,
And will be raised above the hills;
And all the nations will stream to it.
 Isaiah 2:3
And many peoples will come and say,
"Come, let us go up to the mountain
of the Lord,
To the house of the God of Jacob.
That He may teach us concerning His
ways,
And that we may walk in His pathes."
For the law will go forth from Zion,
And the word of the Lord from
Jerusalem.
 Isaiah 2:4
And He will judge between the
nations,
And will render decisions for many
peoples,
And they will hammer their swords
into plowshares and their spears into
pruning hooks,
Nation will not lift up sword against
nation
And never again will they learn war.
 The Latter Days in the
Later Prophets

• Jeremiah taught that the Captivity

would be 70 years in duration
(Jeremiah 29:10)
• After the Captivity there would be a
return in the Latter Days (Daniel 2:28)
• Daniel and the Prophecy of Jeremiah
(Daniel 9)
 Daniel 9:13
"As it is written in the law of
Moses, all this calamity has
come on us; yet we have not
sought the favor of the LORD
our God by turning from our
iniquity and giving attention
to Thy truth.”
Leviticus 26:18
“If also after these things,
you do not obey Me, then I
will punish you seven times
more for your sins.”
 Haggai 2:21-22
"Speak to Zerubbabel governor of
Judah saying, 'I am going to shake the
heavens and the earth. 22 'And I will
overthrow the thrones of kingdoms and
destroy the power of the kingdoms of
the nations; and I will overthrow the
chariots and their riders, and the horses
and their riders will go down, everyone
by the sword of another.’”
 Haggai 2:23
“On that day,” declares the LORD of
hosts, “I will take you, Zerubbabel, son
of Shealtiel, My servant,” declares the
LORD, “and I will make you like a signet
ring, for I have chosen you,” declares
the LORD of hosts.
 The Latter Days in the
New Testament

• Jesus and “the favorable year of the

Lord” (Luke 4:17-19)
• Peter’s understanding of the prophet
Joel (Acts 2:14-21)
• A Future Promise: In the last days
difficult times will come (2 Timothy
3:1)
 New Testament
Eschatology

• Inauguration of the Kingdom

• Continuation of the Kingdom
• Culmination of the Kingdom
Dispensational Premillennialism

nd Judgment
2 Coming

1000 Year
Church 7 Year
Earthly Reign
Tribulation
Eternal
Rapture State
 "Rapture" Second Coming
For the Lord Himself will descend from They will see the Son of man coming...
heaven... (1 Thessalonians 4:16). (Matthew 24:30).

With the TRUMPET of God...(1 He will send forth His angels with a
Thessalonians 4:16). great TRUMPET (Matthew 24:31).
We who are alive shall be CAUGHT And they will GATHER TOGETHER His
UP TOGETHER... (1 Thessalonians elect from the four winds... (Matthew
4:16). 24:31).

We... shall be caught up together with They will see the Son of Man coming on
them in CLOUDS (1 Thessalonians the CLOUDS of the sky... (Matthew
4:17). 24:30).
...if you will not wake up, I will come The Son of Man is coming at an hour
like a thief (Revelations 3:3). when you do not think He will (Matthew
24:44; see also 1 Thessalonians 5:2-6
and 2 Peter 3:10).
...the coming of our Lord Jesus WITH ...the Lord came WITH many thousands
all His saints" (1 Thessalonians 3:13). of His holy ones (Jude 14).
Historical Premillennialism
nd
2 Judgment
Coming
Eternal
1000 Year State
Church 7 Year Earthly Reign
Tribulation
Dispensational Premillennialism

nd Judgment
2 Coming Eternal
State
1000 Year
Church 7 Year
Earthly Reign
Tribulation
Rapture

Historical Premillennialism
nd
2 Judgment
Coming
Eternal
1000 Year State
Church 7 Year Earthly Reign
Tribulation
Amillennialism
nd
2
Jesus Reigning Coming

Church Eternal
State

• Prophecies of Tribulation and

Kingdom
Historical fulfilled in this age
Premillennialism
nd
• Revelation 20 seen 2
as
Coming
symbolic of
Judgment
Eternal
kingdom today 1000 Year State
Church 7 Year Earthly Reign
• Satan bound with Tribulationreference to his

ability to deceive the nations

Postmillennialism

nd
2
Coming

1000 Year Reign Eternal

Church of the Church State
Preterism

nd
2 Coming
fulfilled in A.D.
70 Fall of
Jerusalem

Church

• Full Preterism: “Past”

• Partial Preterism
 Homework for Next
Class
• Read Jonah and Hosea
• Read Handbook on the Prophets,
Pages 406-416 and 336-368
• Read Introduction to the Old
Testament Prophets: Chap 29, 25
• Do Study Guide #2 of He Gave Us
Prophets from Pratt Video/Audio
• No Class next week