The Heart
Learning Outcomes:
2.65 describe the structure of the heart and
how it
functions
2.69 understand the general structure of the
circulation system, including the blood vessels to
and from the heart and lungs, liver and
kidneys..
The heart – What? Where? Job?
Where it is? What it does? How it works? Its structure?
The Heart
What: Organ in the human body.
Where: Located between the two lungs.
Job: Pumps blood around the body.
The Heart
Hold you hand in front of
you and make a fist.
Squeeze and relax. How long
can you do this?
Cardiac Muscle
Walls of the heart are made of
cardiac muscle only found in
the heart. It never tires but
can't tolerate a lack of oxygen.
The Heart
Watch the video about the heart, playing
close attention to the role and structure
of the heart.
Structure of the Heart
As we go through what the heart does,
label your diagram with the correct
structure.
HINT: We will be doing
work on the route the
blood takes afterwards
so listen carefully to
this information as well!
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the body to the heart
via the vena cava.
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Blood is pumped into the right atrium and then the right
ventricle.
Right
atrium
Right
ventricle
Blood is then carried to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary
artery
Oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart from the
lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Pulmonary
veins
Blood is pumped into the left atrium and then the left
ventricle.
Left atrium
Left
ventricle
The oxygenated blood is then carried to the rest of the body
via the aorta.
Aorta
Valves stop the blood from flowing the wrong way- ‘backflow’
Valve Valve
Valve
Valve
Tendons stop the valves from turning inside out.
Tendons
The left and right sides are separated by the septum.
Septum
TASKS:
1. Finish labelling all the parts of the
heart.
2. Explain why the left ventricle contains
more muscle (and is therefore thicker)
than the right ventricle.
STRETCH: Why do you think blood in the vena
cava is dark red but blood in the aorta is bright
red?
Answers
Answers
Explain why the left ventricle contains more
muscle (and is therefore thicker) than the right
ventricle.
The left ventricle has to pump blood around most of the
body but the right ventricle only needs to pump blood to
the lungs.
STRETCH: Why do you think blood in the vena
cava is dark red but blood in the aorta is bright
red?
Haemoglobin is brighter red when carrying more oxygen.
Blood in the aorta has just been oxygenated whereas
blood in the veins is returning from capillaries in tissues
which have removed oxygen
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Right Atrium
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Septum
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Aorta
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Pulmonary Vein
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Left Ventricle
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Valve
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Inferior Vena
Cava
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Pulmonary Artery
The Heart Quiz!
Write on your mini whiteboard the part
of the heart the arrow is pointing to:
Right Ventricle
The Heart
Pay attention to the route the blood takes
through the heart/body.
Journey of the Blood
Draw a flowchart showing the journey the
blood takes all the way from the vena
cava to the aorta.
HINT: Use your diagram of
the heart to help you.
STRETCH: Colour code
which blood is oxygenated
and which blood is
deoxygenated.
Left Left
Body
Atrium Ventricle
Vena Pulmonar
Aorta
Deoxygenated Blood
Oxygenated Blood
Cava y Vein
Right
Atrium Lungs Body
Right Pulmonar Answers
Ventricle y Artery
Answer as How many
What is the
many questions atria does
the heart
role of the
as you can in contain? How are red
valves?
blood cells
the time limit: adapted to
their Name the
LEVEL 3 What do you function? blood
think
vessels that
LEVEL 4 cardiac
carry blood
output Why is the
How do to the
LEVEL 5 arteries and
might be? left heart?
ventricle on
veins
the right of
differ? Why is a heart Why will
Why? muscle diagram? heart
thicker in
muscle die if
the left
it does not
Where does ventricle
Why might get blood?
the blood wall?
erythrocytes
flow after
be different
the left
colours?
ventricle?
Cardiac Output
What do you think cardiac output is?
What is it dependent upon?
End
Formula triangle – Cardiac Output
Volume of blood
pushed through the
aorta each minute
Cardiac
Output
Number of
(litres/min) times a heart
Volume of
blood pushed beats in a
into the aorta minute
in each beat
Stroke Heart
Volume Rate
(litres/beat) (beats/min)
Worked Example
Calculate the cardiac output of a heart
that pumps out 0.083 litres of blood 59
times per minute
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
= 0.083 x 59
= 4.9 litres/min
Where do you lie
on the target?
I think I can use
the formula
correctly and
rearrange it as
needed.
I think I can
calculate cardiac
output for some
harder
questions.
I think I can
calculate cardiac
output in some
I have no idea simple equations.
1. Calculate the heart 2. Calculate the stroke 3. A heart has a cardiac
rate of someone who volume of a heart that output of 5000
has a stroke volume beats 78 times every litres/min and a stroke
of 90 ml/beat and a minute and has a volume of 0.075
cardiac output of 5.3 cardiac output of 7.35 litres/beat. Calculate
litres/min. litres/min. the heart rate.
1. Calculate cardiac 2. Calculate cardiac 3. Calculate cardiac
output for a heart output for a heart output for a heart
that beats 58 times a that beats 117 times that beats 42 times
minute and has a a minute and has a in 30 seconds and has
stroke volume of 79 stroke volume of a stroke volume of
ml per beat. 0.0543 L per beat. 0.069 L per beat.
See me to
1. Calculate the cardiac 2. Calculate the cardiac get some
output when the heart output when the heart
rate is 100 and the rate is 60 and the
help with
stroke volume is 0.09 stroke volume is 0.1 L calculating
L per beat. per beat. cardiac
output.
1. 5.89 bpm
2. 0.094 litres/beat
3. 66.67 bpm
1. 4.58 L/min
2. 6.35 L/min
3. 5.79 L/min
1. 9 L/min Mark your
2. 6 L/min answers using
a green pen.
Exercise
How do you think exercise will affect
stroke volume and cardiac output?
End
Exercise
Regular exercise increases the strength
of heart muscle and ventricle size. So
fitter people often have bigger stroke
volumes and their hearts can beat more
slowly to achieve the same cardiac output
as a less fit person.
Blood /Heart SPLAT
Two people come up to the board and stand with
their backs to it.
I will ask a question which gives a single word as
an answer. You then turn around, find the word
and ‘splat’ the answer .
Left Ventricle Heart
Vein
Aorta
Antibodies
Erythrocyte Vena Cava
Lungs
Platelets
Capillaries
Phagocytes
Right
atrium Pulmonary
Body
Vein
Plasma
Lymphocytes
Septum Valve
