PARADIGM SHIFT              Dictionary.
com defines
What is a paradigm?         paradigm as;
 Webster’s dictionary       • It is framework
 defines paradigm as          containing the basic
 • A model or pattern for     assumptions, ways of
   something may be           thinking, and
   copied.                    methodology that are
 • A theory or a group of     commonly accepted by
   ideas about how            members of a scientific
   something should be        community.
   done, made or thought
   about
• A scientific paradigm
  is a framework           • The philosopher Thomas
  containing all the         Kuhn suggested that a
  commonly accepted          paradigm includes “the
  views about a subject,     practices that define a
  conventions about          scientific discipline at a
  what direction             certain point in time."
  research should take
  and how it should be
  performed.
A paradigm dictates:
what is observed and measured
the questions we ask about those observations
how the questions are formulated
how the results are interpreted
how research is carried out
what equipment is appropriate
What is a Paradigm Shift?
• "The successive transition from one paradigm to another via
  revolution is the usual developmental pattern of mature
  science" -Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
                            “revolutionary science,”
        Chapter 2
Intellectual Revolutions
  that Defined Society