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Polyester: Polyester Is A Category of Polymers That Contain The Ester Functional Group in Their Main Chain

Polyester is a polymer made through a condensation reaction between dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols. It is most commonly produced using terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol to make polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is the most widely produced synthetic fiber and is known for its low cost, easy processability, and excellent performance properties. Polyester has high strength, elastic recovery, is hydrophobic and resistant to damage from light, chemicals, insects and microbes. Its major uses include clothing, home furnishings, automotive and other transportation applications, composites, and fiberfill.

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141 views17 pages

Polyester: Polyester Is A Category of Polymers That Contain The Ester Functional Group in Their Main Chain

Polyester is a polymer made through a condensation reaction between dibasic acids and dihydric alcohols. It is most commonly produced using terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol to make polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is the most widely produced synthetic fiber and is known for its low cost, easy processability, and excellent performance properties. Polyester has high strength, elastic recovery, is hydrophobic and resistant to damage from light, chemicals, insects and microbes. Its major uses include clothing, home furnishings, automotive and other transportation applications, composites, and fiberfill.

Uploaded by

Anila Aftab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polyester

Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester


functional group in their main chain
Also called as polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

BY KHALEEQ UR RAHMAN
Polyester
 Polyester is a polymer which is made through
condensation reaction taking place between two
molecules and linkages of molecules occur through
the formation of ester groups
 Made by interaction of a dibasic acid with
dihydric alcohol
Mono ethylene glycol + Terephthalic acid
Polyester + H2O
Polyester
 Polyester fiber, specifically poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET), is the largest volume synthetic
fiber produced worldwide.
 DuPont and Eastman are the two world largest
polyester producers
 The reasons for the dominating success of PET fiber
are:
1. Low cost
2. Convenient process ability
3. Excellent performance
Polyester
Raw Material:

 Ethylene glycol
 Terephthalic Acid / Dimethyl terephthalate
 Catalyst: Zn, Pb, Cd
Polyester
Manufacturing and processing of polyester:
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is industrially produced by either
terephthalic acid or Dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol.
The reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol started at
just above the melting point of reactants in the presence of Nitrogen
Catalyst are used to accelerate the reaction
Polyester chips
Polyester
Structure of Polyester fiber:
Polyester
Properties of Textile Fibers:
Tensile strength:
Tensile strength of medium tenacity polyester filament is
80,000-100,000
High tenacity filament: 105,000-125000
Staple fibers filament: 60,000-70,000
Elongation:
High tenacity filaments have 8-11 percent elongation. Regular
tenacity filaments have 15-20 percent elongation. Staple fiber 25-
40 %
Polyester
Elastic recovery:
At 2 % strecth 97 % recovery
At 4 % stretch 90 % recovery
At 8% stretch 80 % recovery
Shrinkage:
Polyester fabrics shrink 7- 10 % in boiling water
Heat set fabrics do not shrink
Ironing temperature:
135 degree centigrade. Sticking takes place > 205 degree
centigrade
Polyester
Heat setting:
Fabrics of polyester are heat set at 160-220 degree
centigrade in hot air to stabilize dimensions
Specific Gravity
Polyester has specific gravity of 1.38
Effect of Moisture
Polyester is almost hydrophobic with moisture
regain of 0.4 % at standard conditions (65%
humidity and 20ºC)
Polyester
Solubility:
It can be dissolved in trifluoro acetic acid, o-chloro phenol
and in mixture of tetrachloroethylene
Action of Cleaning Agents:
there is no chemical action of soaps, detergents and dry
cleaning agents (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene)
Action of Acids:
Weak acids do not attack even at boiling temperature.
H2SO4 degrades at high temperature
Polyester
Action of alkalis:
Resistance to weak alkalis is good

Affinity for dyes:


Polyester is usually dyed with disperse dyes in slight acidic conditions
at high temperature (130 degree centigrade) and pressure (30 lb/sq
inch)
Polyester
Thermal Properties
Softening point 220 C
̊
Melting temperature260 C ̊

Effect of Sunlight
Polyester fiber has high resistance to degradation by light. After
prolonged exposure it suffers a gradual loss in strength but does not
discolor.
Polyester
Electrical Properties
Polyester having very low moisture regain so it is a very good insulator.

Insects and micro-organisms


polyester is not a source of nourishment for living creature and show
excellent resistance to insects, fungi and bacteria
Polyester
Uses:
Apparel
Every form of clothing.
Home Furnishings
Carpets, curtains,sheets and pillowcases, wall coverings, and upholstery.
Polyester
Other Uses
Ropes and nets,
thread, tyre cord,
automotive
upholstery, sails.
Composites made of
100% polyester fibers
are widely used as
filtration media.
Polyester
Fiberfill applications
In Fiberfill applications polyester fibers are used inside
seat cushions, back pillows and mattresses.

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