اسم المقرر
Theory of Translation
استاذ المقرر
Dr. Ahmad M Halimah جامعة الملك فيصل
عمادة التعلم اإللكتروني والتعليم عن بعد
كلية اآلداب
والتعليم عن بعد
اإللكتروني فيصل التعلم
محفوظة لجامعة الملك عمادة
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Deanship of E-Learning and Distance Education
Lecture 10
Computer-Aided Translation
Machine Translation &
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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lecture, you should be able to
1. show understanding of the terms of Computer-
aided translation and Machine Translation.
2. show awareness of the benefits and
shortcomings of Machine translation.
3. use computer-aided Translation and Machine
Translation to your own benefits.
.
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What is the term ‘computer-aided translation’
(CAT)
This CAT term refers to ‘ translation in which
human translation (HT) is aided by computer
applications.
A Key characteristic of CAT is that a human
translator takes control of the translation process
and technology is used to facilitate rather than
replace HT.
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The importance of CAT
Technology based solutions to translation needs
meet shortened timeframe and budgetary
constraints resulting from globalization.
CAT has become the predominant mode of
translation in Scientific and Technical translation
where technology is employed to increase
productivity and cost-effectiveness as well as
improve quality.
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CAT Tools
They include any type of computerised tools that
translators use to help them do their job.
1. General purpose applications such as word-
processors, optical character recognition, etc.
2. Translation-oriented tools such as multilingual
electronic dictionaries, corpus analysis tools,
terminology extraction and terminology
management systems.
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What is Translation Memory Technology
TM allows the translator to store translations in a database and
‘recycle’ them in a new translation by automatically retrieving
matched segments (usually sentences) for re-use.
The TM database consists of a source text and target text segment
pairs which form so-called translation units (TUs).
After dividing a new ST into segments, the system compares each
successive ST segment against the ST segments stored in the
translation database.
When a new ST segment matches an ST segments in the database
the relevant TU is retrieved.
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Types of segment matches in TM
An exact match : means that the ST segment currently
being translated is identical, including formatting and
style, to the segment stored in the memory.
A full match means that the ST segment matches one
stored in the memory with differences only in variable
elements such as numbers, dates, times, etc.
A fuzzy match is one where the ST segment is similar to a
segment in the memory, which can be reused with some editing.
It has become common practice to obtain discount in translation fees if there
are pre-existing TM matches
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What is Machine Translation?
Machine Translation involves the use of
computer programmes to translate texts from
one natural language into another automatically.
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Types of Machine Translation
1. Unassisted or fully automatic MT where the
translation engine translates whole texts without
the intervention of human operators.
2. Human-assisted Machine Translation where
human translators intervene to resolve problems
of ambiguity in the source text or to select the
most appropriate target language word or phrase
for output. In this type of MT, computer programmes are used to help
human translators carry out the translation. CAT is an example of this.
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Most popular MT systems of today
Special purpose system where post-editing is
indispensable if the MT output is intended for
dissemination. It is used in technical language.
Online Translation systems like Google and Yahoo
offer free online MT services. This kind of
translation needs post-editing by human
translators.
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Challenges in MT
Problems in MT can be categorised into linguistic and extra linguistic
ones
1. Linguistic problems are caused by inherent
ambiguities of natural languages and by the
lexical and structural or grammatical mismatch
between different languages.
2. Extra-linguistic problems are more difficult that
that of linguistic problems because they are
harder to codify
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بحمد هللا
محفوظة لجامعة الملك فيصلعمادة التعلم اإللكتروني والتعليم عن بعد
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