Acrylic Resins
By- Dhiraj Pokale
20SUR204
Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin (TPA):
Monomers:
TPA are copolymers of various acrylic resins.
These monomers are esters of acrylics and methacrylic acids and their
derivatives :primary ethyl , methyl , n-butyl, isobutyl etc. are used.
Other than acrylic acid , styrene is also used as it is cheaper and imparts improved
properties.
TPA polymers are prepared by chain growth polymerization.
Thermosetting acrylics:
These resins react with chemically either with themselves or with co-reactant resins
forming insoluble, three dimensional matrix structures.
These systems are low molecular weight polymers , which are expected to react
chemically during application producing high molecular network structure .
These thermosetting acrylic resins contain monomers bearing reactive groups. Several
such polymers could be designed by using reactive monomers as given below.
Thermosetting acrylics are mainly used in formulations of appliance finishes ,
automotive finishes, clear coatings for copper and brass, sheet and coil coatings etc.
• Reactive monomers:
Environmental concerns :
To make high solid coatings with low VOC , the simplest approach is to reduce the
molecular weight and the viscosity.
But synthesis of low molecular weight acrylic resins having higher percentage of
polymers with average functionality of 2-3 and lower amount of non-functional or
monofunctional polymers is very difficult to achieve .
Another approach is to reduce the Tg by changing the proportion of comonomers
Another approach suggests use of hydroxyl functional chain transfer agent , e.g. 2-
mercaptoethanol.
Resins required for high solids applications need to have narrow molecular weight
distribution.
Hydroxyl functional acrylics:
Chemistry and monomers:
Due to low curing temperatures hydroxyl functional acrylics are preferred over the others.
Hydroxyl groups are introduced into the polymer by using comonomers such as 2-hydroxyl ethyl acrylate
(HEA) , 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) , etc.
These hydroxyl functional acrylics are normally crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocynates .
Carboxylic acid – functional acrylics:
These polymers are prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid monomers with other non-functional acrylic
monomers .
These resins are crosslinked with epoxy resins .
These coatings do not have exterior durability as high as those based on hydroxyl functional acrylics .
They provide extremely hard , glossy coatings with outstanding resistance to chemicals , soaps , detergents
, food stains etc.
These coatings are characterized by acid equivalent number, which is defined as number of grams of resin
solids containing one gram equivalent of acid .
• Properties of thermoplastic acrylic resins:
1.Excellent exterior durability
2.Excellent resistance to organic solvents
3.Resistance to moisture and UV light
Advantages - Disadvantages-
Used for both decorative and protective Pigment wetting is poor and considerable
purposes grinding is required for good adhesion.
Their coating could be air dried or baked
These coatings are applied for: Their resins have high v.c. and usage is
1. Spray gun declined.
2. Aerosol gun
3. Dipping
Conventional Synthesis of Waterborne Acrylic Polyols:
Waterborne acrylic polyols (APOs) are typically prepared via a conventional radical polymerization
process in solvent, much like their solvent borne analogues.
Waterborne APOs differ from solvent borne APOs in that they contain a certain quantity of acid
monomer, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, to impart anionic character to the polymer.
After the polymer is synthesized, these acid groups are neutralized with an amine to impart water
dispersibility.
polyols prepared via the conventional process is their solvent content. A significant amount of solvent
is required as a medium for the polymerization process, and without additional processing steps this
solvent would remain in the polymer. To reduce the solvent content of the polymer to an acceptable
level.
Waterborne Acrylic Polyols with Cardura Glycidyl Ester:
When used as a reactive medium for acrylic polyol synthesis, it replaces the solvent that would otherwise be
required to conduct the polymerization.
The glycidyl ester is gradually incorporated into the polymer backbone during the monomer feed step by the
reaction of its epoxy functionality with acid groups contributed by acrylic or methacrylic acid present in the
monomer feed.
During this process, two reactions occur simultaneously: radical polymerization of the monomers, and the
epoxy acid reaction that grafts the glycidyl ester to the acrylic polyol.
In a conventional waterborne acrylic polyol synthesis scheme, without special pressure reactors, processing
temperature is limited to the boiling point of the process solvent.
The glycidyl ester as a process medium, solvents are not needed and the high boiling point of the material
enables the high-temperature synthesis of acrylic polyols under atmospheric pressure.
Synthesizing acrylic polyols at high temperatures is beneficial because it is a simple way to create low-
molecular-weight, low-viscosity polymers without the need for large quantities of initiator or chain transfer
agents, which can affect polymer performance.
The low viscosity of the polyols synthesized with the glycidyl ester also makes the dispersion process easier.
Reactions-
Performance of waterborne acrylic polyol base on Cardura Glycidyl ester:
To demonstrate the performance of solvent free water borne acrylic polyols made with the glycidyl
ester, a solvent free polymer was designed with a Tg, hydroxy number and acid value very similar to
those of a commercial dispersion containing 12% solvent on polymer solids.
The result demonstrate that Cardura glycidyl ester make it possible to create a solvent free water borne
polyol dispersion that have performance on with conventional solvent containing water borne polyol
dispersions.
Advantages:
Cardura glycidyl ester enable the easy production of high performance.
Solvent free water borne acrylic polyol dispersion.
Use of these eliminated the need to distil solvent to achieve low VOC levels.
Reduce cycle time, waste and production costs.
Cardura Glycidyl ester (Neodecanoate)
1) Performance Characteristics:
Highly reactive towards amines, acid and alcohols.
Ring opening generates OH.
2 ) Structure:
Bulky structure
Sterically protected ester group
Hydrophobicity
3) Performance:
Lower the solution viscosity.
Lower the resin VOC.
Improved Gloss.
Excellent acid Resistance.
Superior outdoor Durability.
Applications:
Acrylic resins are used in manufacturing coatings, paints, adhesives, sealants, and other
products which are mandatorily used in the construction sector.
Acrylic resins feature excellent transparency and durability, and are used in a broad range of
applications from consumer items like lenses to industrial products like molding materials,
coatings and adhesives
Acrylic resins have good chemical and photochemical resistance. They are commonly used in
many different applications, from solvent-based and water-based industrial
coatings to architectural coatings.
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