AVOIDING PLAGIARISM

ARE YOU A THIEF?

 WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?
• The act of using another person’s word, ideas, or
work without giving credit to the person.”
• The word “plagiarism” comes from the Latin
plagiarus meaning “kidnapper”
• Plagiarism is THEFT and CHEATING.
 NEVER HAVE YOU EVER…
• Turned someone else’s work as your own?
• Copied words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit?
• Failed to put a quotation in quotation marks?
 NEVER HAVE YOU EVER…
• Gave incorrect information about the source of a
quotation?
• Changed words but copied a sentence structure without
giving credit?
• Copied so many words or ideas from a source that it make
up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or
not
 NEVER HAVE YOU EVER…
• Copied media (especially images) from other Web sites
to paste them into your own paper or Web sites?
• Made a video using footage from others’ videos or
using copyrighted music as part of the soundtrack?
http://turnitin.com/assets/en_us/media/plagiarism_spectrum.php
 THE PLAGIARISM CONUNDRUM

• Lack of knowledge and skills

• Authorial identity insecurities
• Cultural differences
• Cognitive issues
TWO TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

• Intentional
• Unintentional
 INTENTIONAL PLAGIARISM
• Copying a friend’s work
• Buying or borrowing papers
• Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic
sources without documenting
• Media “borrowing” without documentation
• Web publishing without permissions of creators
 UNINTENTIONAL PLAGIARISM
• Careless paraphrasing
• Poor documentation
• Quoting excessively
• Failure to use your own “voice”
 PLAGIARISM FIVE-WAYS
• Plagiarism of Words
• Plagiarism of Structure
• Plagiarism of Ideas
• Plagiarism of Authorship
• Plagiarism of Self
 PLAGIARISM OF WORDS
• The use of another’s exact words without
citing the author
 PLAGIARISM OF STRUCTURE
• Paraphrasing another’s words by changing sentence
construction or word choice with citation
• Paraphrasing while maintaining original sentence
construction with acknowledging the source
 PLAGIARISM OF IDEAS

• Presenting another’s ideas as your own

without giving the person credit
• Submitting a paper without citing or
incorrectly citing another’s ideas
 PLAGIARISM OF AUTHORSHIP

• Turning in a replication of another’s work

• Submitting a paper that you got off the
internet or from a friend and presenting it as
your own
 PLAGIARISM OF SELF
• The use of previous work for a separate assignment
• Although these were you original words and thoughts,
receiving credit for a previous assignment is considered
cheating
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
• R.A. No. 8293
• Divided into five parts:
– The Intellectual Property – The Law on Trademarks,
Office Service Marks and Trade
– The Law on Patents Names
– The Law on Copyright
– Final Provisions
 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER THE I.P.
CODE:
1. Copyright and related rights
2. Trademarks and service marks
3. Geographical indications
4. Industrial designs
5. Layout designs (topographies) of integrated circuits; and
6. Protection of undisclosed information
 PENALTIES FOR INFRINGEMENT
• First offenders: 50,000 to 150,000 and/or imprisonment of 1 to 3
years
• Second offenders: 150,000 to 500,000 and/or imprisonment of 3 to 6
years
• Third and subsequent offenders: 500,000 to 1.5 Million and/or
imprisonment of 6 to 9 years
• In case of insolvency, the offender shall furthermore suffer
subsidiary imprisonment
 HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM?
• Citation
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
 QUOTING
Use quotations when:
• You want to add the power of an author’s words to support your argument
• You want to disagree with an author’s argument
• You want to highlight particularly eloquent or powerful phrases or
passages
• You are comparing and contrasting specific points of view
• You want to note the important research that precedes your own
 QUOTING
• Quotations should be used sparingly. They must be exact, word-
for-word as they appear in the original document.
• Quotes require a citation in addition to the use of quote marks.
• Every quoted word needs to be cited. Even a short phrase or single
word must be quoted and cited if it is unusual.
 PARAPHRASING
• Paraphrasing means rephrasing the words of an author, putting
his/her thoughts in your own words. When paraphrasing, you
rework the source’s ideas, words, phrases, and sentence
structures with your own. Like quotations, paraphrased material
must be followed with in-text documentation and cited on your
Works-Cited page.
 PARAPHRASING
Paraphrase when:
• You plan to use information on your note cards
and wish to avoid plagiarizing
• You want to avoid overusing quotations
• You want to use your own voice to present
information
 SUMMARIZING
• Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) of one
or several writers into your own words, including only
the main point(s). Summaries are significantly shorter
than the original and take a broad overview of the
source material.
 SUMMARIZING
Summarize when:
• You want to establish background or offer an
overview of a topic
• You want to describe knowledge (from several
sources) about a topic
• You want to determine the main ideas of a single
source
 TO AVOID PLAGIARISM:
DO NOT:
• Write about someone else’s ideas as if they were your own
• Write about someone else’s ideas without giving a reference
• Use someone else’s words exactly without indicating that it is a direct
quote and referencing it
• Use more or less the same words as another writer even if you
acknowledge their work
 TO AVOID PLAGIARISM:
• Copy another student’s work
• Submit work written for you by another person
• Cut and paste material from the internet, putting pieces
of text together to form an essay.
“In other words, plagiarism is an
act of fraud. It involves both
stealing someone else's work and
lying about it afterward.”
(http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism)
- END -