GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Bachelor of Engineering – Semester I

(Civil and Mechanical Branch)
Academic Year- 2017-18

Prof. Manjurali I. Balya

Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Department
GEC, PATAN
UNIT II: HUMAN POPULATION
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION

2
 CHAPTER-4
HUMAN
POPULATION AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
3
 INTRODUCTION
Population -“all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or
country”

The human population is the total number of

living humans on Earth

Environment means “the sum total of all surroundings of a living

organism, including natural forces and other living things, which
provide conditions for development and growth as well as of danger
and damage”
Human Population

Environment
 Population Growth And Its Variation

•The term population has its origin the Latin word populous,
meaning people.

•In ecology, a population may be defined as a group of organism

of the same species occupying a particular space

Population
of Mumbai
 Continued..
Our global human population, 6 billion at present.
Increase in production per capita of agricultural produce at
a global level ceased during the 1980’s.
Only 15% of the world’s population in the developed world
is earning 79% of income!
Current development strategies that essentially lead to
short-term gains have led to a breakdown of our earth’s
ability to replenish the resources on which we depend.

Increasing
Population of
India
 Continued..
In some countries, food shortage has become a
permanent feature.
Two of every three children in South Africa are
underweight.
In other regions famines due to drought have become
more frequent.
Present development strategies have not been able to
successfully address these problems related to hunger and
malnutrition.

Increasing
Population of
India
 Causes
Lack of Birth Control
The key components to unwanted population growth.
Studies show that nearly 2/3 rd of the women are poorly educated
about their reproductive capabilities
This causes many women to breed more children than are needed in
their country or region.
Increasing Population

Religious Beliefs
Most of the doctrines in these religions are based on the idea
that the deity they worship will prevent or support the birth of a
child
In this way, the religions act as a birth control method of belief.
 Continued..
Financial Incentives
In certain countries with low population
rates, there are financial incentives to
produce more children.
In the United States, tax deductions were
put in place to assist parents with the day-to-
day costs of raising a child.
Financial
Incentives
Fertility Treatments
Modern science has found ways to stimulate the
reproductive system in many ways to better ensure a
pregnancy.
Drawbacks with this procedure, however, are the
chance for increased birth rates in many women.
 Continued..
 Mortality Rate
In most third world countries the
mortality rate for children is 1 in 10  Mortality Rate
according to the World Health
Organization.
Worldwide, there are roughly 9 births for
every death.

Industrial Revolution
Which occurred in 19th century Europe and north America,
involved several scientific and technological innovations,
developments and advancements, have improved the quality
of life and have expanded the average life span
 Continued..
Food Production
Since the mid-19th century, many agricultural
 Farming
innovations have enabled farmers to dramatically
increase and improve food production.

For instance, between 1950 and 1984, the total

amount of grain harvested worldwide increased
from 631 million tons to 1.65 billion tons.

Public Health
By 1990, technological advancements facilitating cleaner cities,
efficient sewage systems, nutritional knowledge and adequate homes
have also lowered death rates.
 Doctor Is Checking A
Patient
 Continued..
Disease
Scientific discoveries and technological advancements that help
prevent infections, cure illnesses and enable people to survive diseases
have significantly promoted population growth.
Vaccines have reduced the rate of infections such as smallpox,
influenza, rubella and polio.

Education Level
The level of education a woman reaches may have an influence on
the number of children she has.
An example of this appears within the 2007 population of honduras
women and the number of children born.

 1 Educated Woman with 2

Educated Man
 Effects
 Overpopulation
When a population group passes the point at which
the environment can no longer supply the resources
required to support the group's needs
Related to fresh water, biodiversity and waste
management  Over
Population

 Impact on Food and Water

Food production creates a strain on habitat 
Land Requirement
and energy use. for Food Production
Water is even more critical for human
survival. The Sierra Club states that more than
1 billion people do not have access to clean
water.
 Continued..
Food Production and Distribution
More people means production of more
agricultural and food resources.
the problem is how those food resources are
distributed.
 Energy Consumption and Waste
Energy to heat and cool our homes and buildings and to run
cars and equipment.
Waste takes on many forms from sewage to trash.
Some waste is spewed into the atmosphere or into waterways.
Air and water pollution are the result.

 A Person is Cutting Ribbon

According To His Requirement
 Continued..
Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels for automobiles requiring all humans to
develop alternative forms of transportation
Burning coal for electricity, will continue to increase
the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

 Fossil Fuel
In Industry
Forest Cover
More than 16 million hectares are cleared annually.
Forest cover is linked not only to biodiversity issues but also
to the preservation of freshwater ecosystems, groundwater
supplies, and reducing the amount of greenhouse gases, which
cause climate change

Deforestation
 Continued..
Soil Erosion
Use pesticides and fertilizer, altering ecosystems in
negative ways
We are losing soil by building, farming and
stripping forests
Pollution
The more people there are, the more resources they use, and the
more pollution that results.
This pollution may include air pollution due to increased fossil fuel
emissions from vehicles, or land or water pollution due to increased
amounts of waste.

 Water Pollution

Soil Erosion
 Continued..
Habitat Destruction
As populations in cities grow, urban sprawl also grows,
resulting in the destruction of critical habitat for a number of
plant and animal species
The loss of habitat can result in the encroachment of animals,
such as mountain lions, deer and coyotes

Habitat Fragmentation
Natural habitats that are broken into separate pieces due to the
construction of buildings, roads and other man-made objects.
Harmful to animal migration routes

 Florida Everglades
 Continued..
Public Health Concerns
Unchecked population growth may lead to public health
problems
For example, in many developing countries, populations do not
have access to clean water sources. Water pollution, caused by a
lack of proper sanitation, can easily lead to the spread of disease.

Human Population and Global Warming

Logic leads one to believe that more people
means more waste and greater effects on global
warming.
Many believe that it's a naturally occurring
phenomenon with no bearing on human activity
or population growth
 Population Explosion
It is the very great and continuing increase in human population in
modern times
It can lead to depletion of resources
 Severe competition for food and space
 Increase in psychological stress and strain
 Rapid pollution of environment
 Large scale unemployment
 forests are cut, oceans are exploited and the entire natural
equilibrium gets disturbed
 A growth human population first faces the problem of food, shelter
and socio-economic problems
LATER……