Project Management
Dr. Donnie Boodlal
What is a Project?
• Projects are about managing change
• Projects are about learning
• Projects are about Uncertainty
• Projects are about Flexibility
• Projects are about teamwork
• Projects are about investments
• Projects are about satisfying needs
• Projects are about focus and commitment
• Projects are about autonomy
• Projects are about satisfying NEEDS
What is a Project?
• A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken
to produce a unique product or service
Characteristics of Unique
Temporary
Projects
– Temporary – Definitive beginning and end
– Unique – New undertaking, unfamiliar ground
Any project has to satisfy three feasibility criteria
• The Technical Criterion
• The Business Criterion
• The Functional Criterion
Project Success
Customer Requirements Completed within allocated time
satisfied/exceeded frame
Completed within allocated Accepted by the customer
budget
Project Failure
Scope Creep Poor Requirements Gathering
Unrealistic planning and Lack of resources
scheduling
Introduction
What is Project Management ?
Project Management is a way to structure and
organize change.
Project Management is the application of
Knowledge
Skills
Tools
Techniques
to Project Activities in order to MEET or EXCEED
STAKEHOLDER NEEDS & EXPECTATIONS
Meeting or exceeding Stakeholders needs and
expectations involves balancing competing demands
such as;
Scope
Detailed decomposition of the project into specific
DELIVERABLES or tangible end products.
Time
Projects must be completed within a specific time period.
Cost
Usually, constrained to budgets
Quality
Is end product suited for its intended end use?
Will it last its expected life?
Key Stakeholders include:
Project Manager
Customer
Performing Organization
Financial Institutions
Workers & Employees
Community
Government
Who are Project Stakeholders ?
Individuals and Organizations who are actively
involved in the project, or whose interests may be
positively or negatively affected as a result of the
project‘s success.
Application areas of Project Management:
Knowledge
Skills
Tools
Techniques
General Knowledge Areas of Project
Management
Project Management Knowledge Areas and
Project Management Processes
General Management Practices
Critical Path Methods
Network Analysis (Graph Theory)
General Knowledge Areas
Project Management Knowledge Areas
Integration Management
Scope Development
Method Study
Value Analysis
Time Management
Cost Management
Quality Management
Human Resource Management
Risk Management
Procurement Management
Contract Management
Health Safety and Environment HSE
General Knowledge Areas
What are the Project
Management Processes ?
Project Management Processes are concerned with
describing and organizing the work involved in the project.
Processes include:
Initiating Process
Planning Process
Executing Process
Controlling Process
Closing Process
General Knowledge Areas
General Management Areas
Encompasses ;
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Executing
Controlling
the operations of an ongoing enterprise. General Management also
includes supporting areas such as ;
Law
Strategic Planning
Logistics
PMBOK
General Knowledge Areas
taken from PMBOK
Tools & Techniques
Critical Path Methods
Critical Path Method or CPM is a method derived
from Mathematics, (in the area of Graph Theory)
Once the Critical Path has been obtained, the overall
time to complete the project can then be determined.
Tools & Techniques
Method Study
What is Method Study ?
Tools & Techniques
Value Analysis
What is Value Analysis ?
Lawrence Miles conceived of Value Analysis (VA) in the 1945 based on the
application of function analysis to the component parts of a product.
Component cost reduction was an effective and popular way to
improve "value" when direct labor and material cost determined
the success of a product.
The value analysis technique supported cost reduction
activities by relating the cost of components to their function contributions.
Value analysis defines a "basic function" as anything that
makes the product work or sell. A function that is defined as "basic"
cannot change. Secondary functions, also called "supporting functions",
described the manner in which the basic function(s) were implemented.
Secondary functions could be modified or eliminated to reduce product cost.
What is a Process ?
A Process is a series of actions bringing about a
desired result.
Components of a process
Inputs
Tools & Techniques
Output
Tools
& Output
Techniques
Overview of Project Management Knowledge Areas and Processes
Terminology
Because projects are unique undertakings, they involve a degree of
uncertainty.
Organizations performing project will usually divide a project into
several project phases in order to improve management control.
Collectively, the project phases are known as the Project Life
Cycle.
Project Life Cycles
Project Phase
INITIATION & Project Life Cycle
DEFINITION
ACTION DELIVERABLE
Conduct Feasibility Study and the Project Feasibility Report
Scope Project Definition Documentation
DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING Generate Activities & Tasks Work Breakdown Structure Task Descriptions
Develop Human Resource Needs Human Resource Pool Consultants
Determine Roles & Responsibilities and Responsibility Assignment Matrix
Develop Estimates Effort & Duration Estimates
Define Task Interdependencies and Project Network & Critical Path
Analyze Critical Paths
Develop Schedule Gantt Chart
Perform Resource Loading and Leveling Resource Loading
Generate Project Budget Budgets & Purchasing Plans
Develop Risk Management Plan Preventive and Contingency Plans
Develop Communications Plan Information Dissemination & Document Control Plans
Develop Quality Control Plan Quality Control Plan
EXECUTION &
CONTROL Track & Manage Project Status Plans
Reports
Action
Change Orders
CLOSURE
Perform Post Project Review Project History Documentation
Projects are accomplished by Progressive Elaboration
Because project are unique, the essential process for both the
project and the product of the project is progressive elaboration.
Often the product of a project begins with a very general statement,
such as “we should build a facility”.
Over time this statement is elaborated and developed on to make
more detailed specifications, material requirements, defined
project activities and time frames for the facility.
Terminology
Each Project phase is marked by the completion of one or more
deliverables.
A deliverable is a tangible, verifiable work product.
Examples of deliverables;
A Process Plant erected at a new site.
A feasibility study
A completed software program
Question & Discussions
A goal without a plan
is just a wish
