African Union - United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
Occupational Safety & Health
Occupational Safety & Environment Unit
By: Atif Mohammed
Background
Occupational safety and Health
The relationship between the worker ,the task, the tools, processes, the
workplace and all actual, potential, associated and possible hazards and
subsequent risks which may affect the safety, health and wellbeing of personnel.
Occupational Safety is prevention of ill health and injury.
OSH accident
Accident is something that not intended or sudden event that results in an
undesired outcome such as property damage, injury or death.
Any accident/incident need two factor to happen;
[Link] safe workplace
2. Un safe work practice
Presence of these two factors indicate absence of
Safety measures in workplace.
When Occupational Safety & Health (OSH) neglected
Globally , according to (ILO) every year there is more than 160 million
new cases of work‐related accident which result in injury and death.
In 2013 – Rana Plaza – Dhaka, Bangladesh – Unsafe building practices
resulted in the collapse of a building, killing 1,129 ‐‐ mostly garment
workers.
Occupational safety becomes concern that Peace keeping mission
committed to reduce incidences and minimize hazard/ risk and provide
safe workplace to ensure the wellbeing of the staff.
What is this…..
What is this ……….
b)Hazard and Risk;
Hazard is any workplace condition or anything that can cause harm or
adverse health effects on something or someone such as chemical,
electricity , plant , insect, animal under certain conditions at work place.
Risk is the chance or probability of occurrence of a harm and the severity
of that harm on a person if exposed to a hazard.
Risk = combination of impact and likelihood
Occupational Injury and Disease
Occupational Injury
Occupational injury is any personal injury
or death resulting from an occupational accident.
Occupational Disease
A condition result of an exposure over a period of time
to risk factors or work hazard arising from work activity.
Impact of accidents
Every accident in workplace have adverse impacts upon staff and the organization that
potentially include:
1, Personal pain and suffering
2. Loss of faith by staff members (if the org not provide safety)
3. Reduction of organizational work capability (absenteeism)
4. Damage or loss of facilities , equipment.
5. Financial losses (medication & insurance cost).
Any Question
Types of occupational hazards
Occupational hazards are classified :
Biological
Chemical
Ergonomic
Physical
Work organizational
Safety
Types of Occupational Hazards continue
Biological Hazards
Biological hazards refer to organisms that may include parasites,
viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, birds, and animals which are
cause harmful to human health (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS).
Preventive Measures
• Wash your hands before cooking or eating.
• Wash your hands after using the bathroom, shaking hands,…..
• Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
• Keep raw food away from cooked food
• Drink purified water
• Avoid eating spoiled food
• Wearing a surgical face mask can reduce the chances
of contracting diseases
Chemical hazard
Chemical hazard is a type of occupational hazards caused by exposure to chemicals
such as paints, pesticides , machine oil, battery acids when painting, fumigation
disposing battery acids unsafely which result in skin irritation, damages and
burning.
Preventive Measures
Provide training on chemical hazard
• Use of personal protective equipment ( PPE)
• Proper disposal of chemicals
• Adequate ventilation in the working area
• Proper storage of chemicals
Follow safety procedures
read Labels and Safety Data Sheet
Ergonomic hazards and preventive measures
Ergonomic hazard is a physical factors within the work environment that may harm
or impact the musculo-skeletal system such as sitting posture
Incorrect sitting posture Correct sitting posture
Adjust your chair such that your feet are on
the floor and never cross your legs at the knee
Take short breaks of five minute once an hour.
Manual handling
Keep the object close to
your body
•Keep your back straight
•Keep your feet together
Physical hazard
It include condition such;
Noise Noise
Light
Vibration
• Pressure
Radiation
Temperature
Magnetic fields
Preventive measures;
For noise use ear muff
to reduce the noise
Safety hazards:
Safety hazards are group of hazards result in injury which include physical
damage to body tissues and this injury may lead to death.
1- Slip 2- Trip 3- fall from height 4- Electrical shock
Work organizational hazards
Some examples of these are;
Excessive workloads
Stress,
Job insecurity
Sexual harassment
Violence.
Poor management of workloads and working hours
• Inadequate support from managers and colleagues
Responsibility of OSH
Occupational safety and health is a line management responsibility.
Supervisors:
Supervisors, at all levels, are accountable and responsible for the OSH:
Providing a healthy workplace environment conducive to good
occupational safety and health practice
Ensuring that workplace equipment is safe and fit for purpose.
Establishing effective mechanisms for response to workplace
incidents.
Responsibility of OSH
Staff members:
Staff members are responsible for their own safety and health, and
that of other persons who may be affected by their acts and/or
omissions.
Comply with safety instructions given by the employer
Use Personal Protective Equipment as instructed
Follow safe work practices
Report all hazards in the workplace
Report all injuries to the employer
Exposure to welding metal radiation
Exposure to slip (safety hazard)
Any Question ?
Hazard Prevention and/or Risk Control
Hazard Prevention and/or Risk Control continued
• Hazard Elimination (physically remove the hazard)
Hazard Prevention and/or Risk Control continue
• Hazard substitution
Replace the hazard (Replace ladder by
appropriate one)
Hazard Prevention and/or Risk Control continue
Engineering control
Isolate the hazard by machine guard , welding curtains and cover
• Enclosure of the hazards using enclosures for noisy equipment or cab
Administrative control:
Writing operative procedures
Safe work practice
Work permit
Briefing and training
Use of safety signs and warning
Use of safety signs
A safety sign indicates the presence of information or instructions
about health or safety at work ,e.g. signboard, a color.
Where to install safety signs
Safety signs should be installed to the subjects to be signaled, e.g.
Equipment, electrical panels, chemical, fire exits, fire extinguishers,
hydrants, first aid boxes, assembly points.
Types of Safety Signs
Hazard Alert Symbol
Prohibition Symbols
Mandatory Symbol
Information Symbol
Fire related Symbol
Use of Personal Protective
Equipment
Thank You
Stay Safe
