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History of Operating System

The document provides a history of operating systems across 5 generations: 1) The first generation from 1945-1955 used vacuum tubes and plugboards, with no operating systems and programming done in machine language. 2) The second generation from 1955-1965 saw the introduction of transistors and batch processing systems using magnetic tapes. 3) The third generation from 1965-1980 featured integrated circuits, multiprogramming, and combined scientific and commercial systems. 4) Personal computers emerged in the fourth generation from 1980 onward, enabled by large-scale integrated circuits and leading to network operating systems. 5) The fifth generation uses parallel processing and artificial intelligence software based on ultra-large-scale integration technology.

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Bryan John Berzabal
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118 views16 pages

History of Operating System

The document provides a history of operating systems across 5 generations: 1) The first generation from 1945-1955 used vacuum tubes and plugboards, with no operating systems and programming done in machine language. 2) The second generation from 1955-1965 saw the introduction of transistors and batch processing systems using magnetic tapes. 3) The third generation from 1965-1980 featured integrated circuits, multiprogramming, and combined scientific and commercial systems. 4) Personal computers emerged in the fourth generation from 1980 onward, enabled by large-scale integrated circuits and leading to network operating systems. 5) The fifth generation uses parallel processing and artificial intelligence software based on ultra-large-scale integration technology.

Uploaded by

Bryan John Berzabal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of Operating

System
To be presented:
Mr.Bryan John Berzabal
The First Generation ( 1945 - 1955 ):
Vacuum Tubes and Plugboards
Digital computers were not constructed until the second world war.
Calculating engines with mechanical relays were built at that time.
However, the mechanical relays were very slow and were later replaced
with vacuum tubes. These machines were enormous but were still very
slow.
These early computers were designed, built and maintained by a single
group of people. Programming languages were unknown and there were
no operating systems so all the programming was done in machine
language. All the problems were simple numerical calculations.
By the 1950’s punch cards were introduced and this improved the
computer system. Instead of using plugboards, programs were written on
cards and read into the system.
ENIAC
The Second Generation ( 1955 - 1965 ): Transistors
and Batch Systems
Transistors led to the development of the computer systems that could be
manufactured and sold to paying customers. These machines were known
as mainframes and were locked in air-conditioned computer rooms with
staff to operate them.
The Batch System was introduced to reduce the wasted time in the
computer. A tray full of jobs was collected in the input room and read into
the magnetic tape. After that, the tape was rewound and mounted on a
tape drive. Then the batch operating system was loaded in which read the
first job from the tape and ran it. The output was written on the second
tape. After the whole batch was done, the input and output tapes were
removed and the output tape was printed.
IBM 1620 TRADIC
The Third Generation ( 1965 - 1980 ): Integrated
Circuits and Multiprogramming
Until the 1960’s, there were two types of computer systems
i.e the scientific and the commercial computers. These
were combined by IBM in the System/360. This used
integrated circuits and provided a major price and
performance advantage over the second generation
systems.
The third generation operating systems also introduced
multiprogramming. This meant that the processor was not
idle while a job was completing its I/O operation. Another
job was scheduled on the processor so that its time would
not be wasted.
Jack Kilby's original hybrid
integrated circuit from
1958. EPROM
The Fourth Generation ( 1980 - Present ):
Personal Computers
Personal Computers were easy to create with the development of large-
scale integrated circuits. These were chips containing thousands of
transistors on a square centimeter of silicon. Because of these,
microcomputers were much cheaper than minicomputers and that
made it possible for a single individual to own one of them.
The advent of personal computers also led to the growth of networks.
This created network operating systems and distributed operating
systems. The users were aware of a network while using a network
operating system and could log in to remote machines and copy files
from one machine to another.
Texas Instruments
TMS1000

Intel 4004 Motorola 6800


The Fitfh Generation: ULSI (Ultra Large
Scale Integration) technology
This generation is based on parallel processing hardware
and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging
branch in computer science, which interprets the means
and method of making computers think like human
beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++,
Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

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