Data Link Layer:
HDLC (High Level Data Link Control)-II
Mr. Vipul H. Kondekar
(vhkondekar@witsolapur.org)
Assistant Professor,
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
(www.witsolapur.org)
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of this session, students will be able to
1) Explain HDLC Frame format
2) Understand the concepts, operation and issues surrounding frame based
communication.
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Contents
Introduction
HDLC Frame types
Control field format
Poll/Final bit
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Introduction:
• High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a bit-oriented protocol for
communication over point-to-point and multipoint links. Enlist different
• Specifications developed by the ISO Framing
Methods
• Superset of SDLC (used in IBM’s SNA)
Recall..!!
• Specified as the OSI layer two protocol and was Most widely used DLC
protocol
• Supports half & full duplex over point-to-point and multi-point links
• Supports Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication.
• Full Data transparancy
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HDLC Frame Types
• Information (I) - carries user data and flow/error control information
• Supervisory (S) - used to provide additional flow/error control functions
• Unnumbered (U) used to provide for system management
– May carry information for management
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HDLC frames
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FLAG
• Delimit frame at both ends
• 01111110
• Receiver hunts for flag sequence to synchronize
• Bit stuffing used to avoid confusion with data
containing 01111110
– The transmitter inserts 0 bit after every sequence of
five 1s with the exception of flag fields
– If receiver detects five 1s it checks next bit
• If 0, it is deleted
• If 1 and seventh bit is 0 (i.e., 10), accept as flag
• If sixth and seventh bits 1 (i.e., 11), sender is indicating abort
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ADDRESS
• Identifies secondary station that sent or will receive frame
• Usually 8 bits long
• May be extended to multiples of 7 bits
– LSB of each octet indicates that it is the last octet (1) or not (0)
• All ones (11111111) is broadcast
• It contains the address of the receiver.
• If the frame is sent by the primary station, it contains the address(es) of the
secondary station(s).
• If it is sent by the secondary station, it contains the address of the primary
station.
• The address field may be from 1 byte to several bytes
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CONTROL FIELD
Either 8 or 16 bit field - used for flow
management
different for each type of frame
o If start bit = 0 it is an information frame
o If first two bits = “10”, it is a supervisory frame
o If first two bits = “11”, it is an unnumbered frame
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Control Field Format
Information Frame
1 2-4 5 6-8
0 N(S) P/F N(R)
Supervisory Frame
1 0 S S P/F N(R)
Unnumbered Frame
1 1 M M P/F M M M
• S: Supervisory Function Bits • M: Unnumbered Function Bits
• N(R): Receive Sequence Number • P/F: Poll/final bit used in interaction
• N(S): Send Sequence Number between primary and secondary
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Poll/Final Bit
• Use depends on context
• Command frame
– P bit : used for poll from primary
– 1 to solicit (poll) response from peer
• Response frame
– F bit : used for response from secondary
– 1 indicates response to soliciting command
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References
• Data communication- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• TCP/IP protocol suit- B.A. Forouzan 4th Edition Tata Mc Graw hill
Publication.
• Computer Networking, J. Kurose & K. Ross
• Computer networks- Andrew S.Tanenbaum
• Internetworking TCP/IP Principal, Protocol and Architecture -Douglas Comer-
Addision -Wesley
• TCP/IP Illustrated, The Protocols – W. Richard Slevens, G.Gabrani –PE pub.
• Data and computer communication – William Stallings. - PE pub.
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Thank You!!
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