This document discusses hypertension including its definition, pathophysiology, medications used to treat it, and nursing care plans. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. It describes the pathophysiological changes that occur including damage to blood vessels and increased vascular resistance. It lists common medication classes used to treat hypertension such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and vasodilators. Finally, it provides 3 nursing care plans that address acute headache, diet modification, and patient education regarding their condition.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses hypertension including its definition, pathophysiology, medications used to treat it, and nursing care plans. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. It describes the pathophysiological changes that occur including damage to blood vessels and increased vascular resistance. It lists common medication classes used to treat hypertension such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and vasodilators. Finally, it provides 3 nursing care plans that address acute headache, diet modification, and patient education regarding their condition.
This document discusses hypertension including its definition, pathophysiology, medications used to treat it, and nursing care plans. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. It describes the pathophysiological changes that occur including damage to blood vessels and increased vascular resistance. It lists common medication classes used to treat hypertension such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and vasodilators. Finally, it provides 3 nursing care plans that address acute headache, diet modification, and patient education regarding their condition.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses hypertension including its definition, pathophysiology, medications used to treat it, and nursing care plans. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher. It describes the pathophysiological changes that occur including damage to blood vessels and increased vascular resistance. It lists common medication classes used to treat hypertension such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and vasodilators. Finally, it provides 3 nursing care plans that address acute headache, diet modification, and patient education regarding their condition.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 30
Hypertension
Hypertension
It is described as persistent elevation of the
systolic blood pressure at a level of 140 mmHg or higher and diastolic blood pressure at a level of 90 mmHg or higher. It is classified based on the severity from a high normal to malignant hypertension. Hypertension Pathophysiology Factors: Diet – high Na and fat Strain on arterial wall Loss of elasticity Increased collagen and calcification of arterial media Atherosclerosis in intima Narrowing of blood vessel lumen Stiffness of aortic and peripheral arteriae Constriction of arterioles Elevation of blood pressure Hypertension
Medications Hypertension Diuretics- used to promote dieresis and block reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney. Chlorothiazide (Diuril), spironolactone (Aldactone), Chlorthalidone (Hygroton). Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix), triamterine (dyrenium), metolazone (zaroxolyn) ethacrinic acid (edicrin), furosemide (lasix), Calcion ion antagonist – produces vasodilation on smooth muscles. Verapamil (Calan), diltiazem (cardizem), Nifedine (procardia) Adrenergic inhibitors – used to impair synthesis of norepinephrine, suppression of sympathetic out flow by central alpha adrenergic stimulation or blocking of preganglionic to post ganglionic autonomic transmission. Reserpine, methyldopa (aldomet), propanolol (inderal). Hypertension ACE Inhibitors – inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 to prevent release of aldosterone to inhibit increase in blood pressure Captopril (capoten), enalapril (vasotec), fosinorel
(monopril) Vasodilators – used to relax vascular smooth
Long Term: After 8 hours of nursing intervention, the
client will be free from pain.
Short Term: After 2 hours of nursing intervention, the
client’s headache will be decrease.
Hypertension IMPLEMENTATION INDEPENDENT: Maintain bed rest during acute phase. Provide non-pharmacologic measures to relief of headache. E.g
cool cloth to forehead: back and neck rubs: quiet, dimly lit room, relaxation techniques (guided imagery, distraction): and diversional activities. Eliminate/minimize vasoconstricting activities that may aggravate
headache, e.g straining at stool, prolonged coughing, bending
over. Assist patient with ambulation as needed.
DEPENDENT: Administer medications as indicated: analgesics Hypertension RATIONALE Minimizes stimulation/ promotes relaxation. Measures that reduce cerebral vascular pressure and which slow/block sympathetic response are effective in relieving headache and associated complications. Activities that increase vasoconstriction accentuate the headache in the presence of increased cerebral vascular pressure. Dizziness and blurred vision frequently are associated with headache. The patient may also experience episodes of postural hypotension. Reduces/ controls pain and decreases stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Hypertension
EVALUATION Goal partially met Hypertension
NURSING CARE PLAN
2 Hypertension CUES
S – She said she is fond of eating salty foods.
She can consume 2 – 2 ½ cups of rice especially
with pork chop and catsup as her viand.
O–Ø
M - Cholesterol borderline Hypertension
NURSING DIAGNOSIS Altered nutrition more
than body requirements
related to high sodium, fat and total calorie intake Hypertension
SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION High Na, fat and calorie intake
Excessive amount of the
Additives in the circulating body
Altered nutrition Hypertension PLANNING
Long Term: After 2-3 days of nursing intervention, the client will
be able to demonstrate change in eating patterns.
Short Term: After 1 hour of nursing intervention, the client will be
able to: - verbalize understanding of proper nutrition - state ways on how to change diet appropriate to her
condition Hypertension IMPLEMENTATION
Independent: Assess patient understanding of direct relationship between hypertension and diet. Discuss necessity for decreased caloric intake and limiting intake of fats
and salt as indicated.
Review usual daily caloric intake and dietary choice. Encourage patient to maintain a diary of food intake including when and
where eating takes place and the circumstances and feelings around which the food was eaten. Instruct and assist in appropriate food selection, avoiding foods high in
saturated fat and cholesterol.
Collaborative: Refer to dietitian as indicated. Hypertension RATIONALE Provides baseline information Faulty eating habits contribute to atherosclerosis and
obesity which predispose to hypertension and subsequent
complication. Aids in determining individual need for adjustments and
teaching. Provides a data base for both the adequacy of nutrients
eaten as well as the emotional condition of eating.
Avoiding foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol is
important in preventing progressing atherogenesis.
Provides counseling and assistance with meeting individual
dietary needs. Hypertension Goal met.
Long Term: After 2-3 days of nursing intervention, the client
was able to demonstrate change in eating patterns.
Short Term: After 1 hour of nursing intervention, the client was
able to: - verbalize understanding of proper nutrition - state ways on how to change diet appropriate to Hypertension
NURSING CARE PLAN
3 Hypertension CUES S–Ø O- statement of
misconceptions Hypertension
NURSING DIAGNOSIS Knowledge Deficit related to
lack of understanding of medical condition Hypertension SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION l Hypertension is symptom-free l It is called the “silent killer” l Blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mmHg were
unaware of their elevated blood pressure
l Knowledge Deficit Hypertension PLANNING
Long Term: After 2-3 days of nursing intervention, the client will be
able to verbalize understanding of the disease and its
long-term effects on target organs.
Short Term: After 1-2 hour of nursing intervention, the client will be
able to verbalize and demonstrate understanding of
information given regarding condition, medications and treatment regimen. To also describe self-help activities to be followed. Hypertension IMPLEMENTATION
Independent:
1. Determine patient’s baseline of knowledge regarding
disease process, normal physiology, and function of the heart. 2. Involve the family or significant others. 3. Provide time for individual interaction with patient. 4. Instruct patient on procedures that may be performed. 5. Instruct on leg exercises and position changes. 6. Instruct to rise slowly, allowing time between position changes. Hypertension RATIONALE - Provides information regarding patient’s understanding of condition as
well as a baseline from which to base teaching.
- So they can effectively provide support upon discharge.
- Promotes relationship between patient and nurse, and establish trust.
-Provides knowledge and promotes the ability to make informed
choices.
-Decreases venous pooling can be potentiated by vasodilators and
prolonged time in one position.
-Assists body to equilibrate and adjust in order to decrease the risk of
syncope. Hypertension EVALUATION
Goal met. Long Term: The client was able to verbalized understanding of the disease and its long term effects on target organs.
Short Term: The client was able to verbalized and demonstrated understanding of information given regarding condition, medications and treatment regimen and was able to perform self-help activities. FINITO. Muchas gracias!
