Morality & Accountability in Public
Service
Group 5: Cave, R.O; Fajardo, M.R.; Grandia,
A.C.; Ico, I.; Rico, R. C.
(FDM 202: MDM Section B)
Introduction
• Philippines is a democratic country
• Faith of the people in the integrity of the political institution
• Ethics and accountability are keys not only to effective
government but also effective governance
Legal Basis
• 1987 Constitution: Article XI, Section 1
• Principle: Public Office is a public trust
• Public servants must at all times be accountable to the
people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity,
loyalty and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice and
lead modest live
Legal Basis:
• RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and - political neutrality
Ethical Standards for Public - responsiveness to the
Officials and Employees)
public
• 8 Norms of Conduct:
- nationalism and
- commitment to
patriotism
public interest
- commitment to
- professionalism
democracy
- justness and sincerity
- simple living
The Concept of Public Accountability
• Civil servants and public agencies must follow the will of the
people
• Every individual/agency has the obligation to account for its
activities, accept responsibility for them and to disclose the
results in a transparent manner
Responsibility Versus Accountability
Basis of Distinction Resposibility Accountability
Meaning It is an obligation by an It is the obligation created by
employee to perform certain accepting duties and
duties or to make sure they responsibilities form higher
are completed management
Nature It flows downward It flows upward
Delegation It can be delegated but not It cannot be delegated
entirely
Responsibility Versus Accountability
Basis of Distinction Resposibility Accountability
Commitment Commitments are made to Commitments are made to
oneself others (usually top
management)
Principle Doing something right Doing the right thing
Delegation It can be delegated but not It cannot be delegated
entirely
Phases of Classical Cycle of Public
Administration
PLANNING
IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION
Standard Questions Central to Accountability:
• Who is considered
accountable?
• To whom he is considered
accountable?
• To what standard or values is
he accountable?
• By what means is he made
accountable?
Varieties of Public Administration
Types of Accountability:
Traditional Accountability
• Focuses on the regularity of fiscal transactions and the faithful
compliance to legal requirements and administrative policies
(Mckinney 1981: 144)
• Concerns with efficiency and economy in the use of public funds,
property and manpower (Tantuico 1982:8)
• Determining if an act is within the provisions of laws and regulations
Managerial Accountability
• Involves a range of action from attempt at work simplification and
revision of forms all the way to systems improvements and agency
reorganization
• Follows 2 standards:
- Economical Operation: elimination or reduction of needlest cost
- Efficient Operation: decreasing costs at a lower rate
Program Accountability
• Whether the government unit is carrying out only authorized
activities or programs in the manner contemplated and whether they
are accomplishing their objectives
• Is concerned with the results of the agency operation
Social Accountability
• The main inquiry is whether the administrative activities inspire
general confidence and secure what are widely regarded as desirable
social ends ( Normanton 1981:34)
Process Accountability
• Implies/ emphasizes on procedures and methods of operation and
focuses on the black box inside systems which transforms input
Enforcing Accountability
Enforcing Accountability
RA 3091 (Anti Graft Law)
Graft is defined as
“the acquisition of gain or advantage
by dishonest, unfair or sordid
means, especially through the use of
one’s position or influence in
politics, business, etc.”
Graft and corruption is an act or
omission involving breach of the rules
of decency, honesty and efficiency, for
the of obtaining undue
purpose
advantage at the expense of the
government-owned resources. In our
legal system, graft and corruption is
basically a crime.
Corruption is “an act done with
intent to an give some
inconsistent with
advantage
official duty and the
rights of others. It includes bribery, but
it is more comprehensive, because an
act may be corruptly done through the
advantage to be delivered from it be not
offered by another.”
Corruption is the perversion
or destruction of integrity of
discharging fidelity
public duties
in and
responsibilities by bribery or favor. It
entails the use of public power for
private advantage in ways
transgresses some formal rule of law.
which
OFFENSES NATURE OF OFFENSE JURISDICTION
□Sandiganbayan
Criminal
Graft and Administrative
□PAGC
Corruption □Ombudsman
Dishonesty
Falsification of Documents □Ombudsman
Misconduct □ Civil Service
Administrative
Conduct Prejudicial to the Commission
Best Interest of the Service □ Concerned
Agency
□Ombudsman
Violations of the Code □ Civil Service
Administrative
of Conduct Commission
Not all things that are
Legal are Moral !
UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
is
not necessarily illegal but
nevertheless is contrary to
what is RIGHT and
doing WHAT IS NOT
DI BAWAL,
PERO DI
DAPAT!
DI BAWAL, PERO D DAPAT
PA D R I N O
DI BAWAL , PERO DI DAPAT
KAMAG-ANAK
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
WA S TA G E O F O F F I C E S U P P L I E S AND
EQUIPMENT
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
ENGAGING I N GROUP DISCUSSION
W H I L E CLIENTS ARE K E P T
WAITING
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
Telebabad
DI BAWAL , PERO DI DAPAT
Too Much
Texting
During Office
Hours
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
READING
NEWSPAPER
DURING
OFFIC
E
HOURS
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
I M P R O P E R OR INAPPROPRIATE A T T I R E
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
CLOCK- WATCHI NG
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
EXTENDE
D BREAK
DI BAWAL, PERO DI DAPAT
GOING OUT
OF THE
OFFICE
WITHOUT
PERMISSIO
N
Violations/Offenses Result/Effect Outcome
Graft and Wide gap between rich and poor
Corruption People’s needs are denied
Loss of Peoples’ Trust
Bad Image of the Government
Dishonesty
Falsification of Documents
Misconduct DEHUMANIZING
Conduct Prejudicial to the SITUATIONS
Best Interest of the Service
Disservice to the
Violations of the Government and the
Code of Conduct People
Loss of Peoples’
Trust
Violations of the
Bad Image of the
Anti-Red Tape Act
Government
Unethical
Behavior
Structures Dehumanizing Situations
Economic Wealth w/out work
Commerce w/out
Leisure w/out conscience
Politics w/out principle
Politi cal
Knowledge w/out character
Science w/out humanity
Socio-Cultural Worship w/out sacrifice
Culture w/out spirit
Dehumanizing Situations
Rob a person of his/her dignity.
Diminish his/her worth as a person.
Destroy his/her total being.
It’s the CHOICES that make
us who we are. And we can
always choose to do what’s
right.
- Peter Parker
“Spiderman 3”
Every officials of the government, even
the most modest, has a job to perform
and is as much in duty bound to perform
that job well as those occupying higher
positions. In our effort to give the
people the best government that there
is, we have to have everybody do his job,
including the Clerk, the policeman –
everybody in the service. Everyone of
them should do his best because a
government cannot be a government of
higher officials only.
Pres. Manuel L. Quezon
Sources:
• Ethics & Accountability
- Angelica T. Requina (slideshare)
• Ethics, Law & Public Administration
- Geraldine H. Perez(slideshare)
• Ethics & Accountability: The Philippine Experience
- Civil Service Commision
• 1987 Philippine Constitution
- www.senate.gov.ph
• Republic Act 6713
-book.google.com.ph
• Republic Act 3091
-www.senate.gov.ph
Sources:
• Administrative Accountability & Types of Accountability
- Debbie Nell G. Geronimo(slideshare)
• Comparison of Different Kinds of Administrative Accountability & The
Varieties Of Public Administration
- Alex B. Hermogeno (slideshare)
• Accountability and Public Administration
- Cherry Andrea G. Lucero(slideshare)
• The Process of Regulating Behavior # 1 & 2
(Source Power & Kinds of Rules Promulgated by Regulator)
- Junior Hilario (slideshare)
• The Process of Regulating Behavior # 3 & 4
(Bureaucratic versus Professional Norms & Extrabureaucratic Standards
and Irresponsible Behavior)
- Nacer Ferreras(slideshare)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
