Smart grids and future for
Energy management
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
• Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) belong
to a subcategory of traditional Mobile Ad
hoc NETworks (MANETs). The main feature
of VANETs is that mobile nodes are vehicles
endowed with sophisticated “on-board”
equipments, traveling on constrained paths
VANET - (i.e., roads and lanes), and communicating
each other for message exchange via
MANET Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication
protocols, as well as between vehicles and
fixed road-side Access Points (i.e., wireless
and cellular network infrastructure), in case
of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
communications.
• Vehicular communication is considered
Future as an enabler for driverless cars of the
future.
networked • safety messaging,
• traffic and congestion monitoring and
vehicles • general purpose Internet access.
• VANET is a term used to describe the
spontaneous ad hoc network formed over
vehicles moving on the roadway.
• Basically, both VANETs and MANETs are
characterized by the movement and self-
organization of the nodes (i.e., vehicles in the
case of VANETs).
VANET • Due to driver behavior, and high speeds,
VANETs characteristics are fundamentally
different from MANETs.
• VANETs are characterized by rapid but
predictable topology changes, with frequent
fragmentation, a small effective network
diameter, and redundancy that is limited
temporally and functionally.
Smart vehicles
• A number of systems and sensors are used to
provide different levels of functionality.
• Braking system, crash sensors, the data recorder,
the engine control unit, the electronic stability
control, the electronic steering, the infotainment
system, the integrated starter generator, the
lighting system, the power distribution and
connectivity, seat belt sensors, the tire pressure
monitoring system, etc.
• Brake systems: The parking brake, which is also
referred to as an emergency brake, controls the
rear brakes through a series of steel cables. This
allows the vehicle to be stopped in the event of a
total brake failure. Moreover, also vehicle-
mounted cameras are largely used to display
images on the vehicle console.
Smart city
• Smart cities bring together
infrastructure and technology to
improve the quality of life of
citizens and enhance their
Smart cities interactions with the urban
environment. But how can data
from areas such as public
transport, air quality meters and
energy production be integrated
and effectively used?
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/05/19/smart-cities-the-future-of-urban-developme
nt/#733397c62f90
• The city of Barcelona:
• Fiber optics throughout the city,
Smart cities providing free high-speed Wi-Fi
supportig IngT.
Examples of • By integrating smart water,
Efficiency and lighting and parking management,
Barcelona saved €75 million of city
Flexibility funds and created 47,000 new
jobs in the smart technology
sector.
• The Netherlands have tested the use
of IoT-based infrastructure
Smart cities • Amsterdam, where traffic flow,
energy usage and public safety are
Examples of monitored and adjusted based on
real-time data.
Efficiency and • United States, major cities like Boston
and Baltimore have deployed smart
Flexibility trash cans that relay how full they are
and determine the most efficient
pick-up route for sanitation workers.
IoT • The Internet of Things has led to a
plethora of opportunities for cities
The Internet willing to implement new smart
technology to improve the
of Things efficiency of operations.
• Information and communication
technologies (ICTs) and other means to
improve quality of life, efficiency of
urban operations and services, and
competitiveness, while ensuring that it
meets the needs of present and future
generations with respect to economic,
social and environmental aspects.
• Research has shown that electric
cars are better for the
environment.
• They emit less greenhouse gases
Electric cars & and air pollutants over their life than
a petrol or diesel car.
Environment • This is even after the production of
the vehicle and the generation of
the electricity required to fuel them
is considered.
• The UK government has set a
target that the sale of petrol and
Compare an diesel cars will be banned by 2040.
• Electric cars can also help with
electric vs noise pollution, especially in cities
traditional car where speeds are generally low.
As the cars are far quieter than
conventional vehicles, driving
electric creates a more peaceful
environment for us all.
• The emissions created during the production of
an electric car tend to be higher than a
How does conventional car.
• Lithium ion batteries which are an essential
electric car part of an electric car.
• More than a third of the lifetime CO2 emissions
production affect from an electric car come from the energy used to
make the car itself.
the • Reusing and recycling batteries is also a
growing market. Research into the use of
environment? second-hand batteries is looking at ways to
reuse batteries in new technologies such as
electricity storage.
• Even after taking battery manufacture into
account, electric cars are still a greener option.
• This is due to the reduction in emissions
created over the car’s lifetime.
• Research by the European Energy
Agency found that, even with
What about the electricity generation, the carbon
electricity emissions of an electric car are
around 17 – 30% lower than
required to fuel driving a petrol or diesel car. The
emissions from electricity
an electric car? generation are also dramatically
improved when low carbon
electricity is used.
• Plug-in hybrids combine an electric
motor with a traditional fuel engine
and produce some emissions during a
Are hybrid cars drive.
• The green credentials of a hybrid
just as good for depend on how much of the journey is
the environment? driven on electric miles as well as the
way in which the vehicle is charged.
• Electric vehicles have a big role to play
in reducing transport emissions and
being a major factor in cleaning up the
air we breathe.
Electric Cars, Smart Charging and
the Future of Energy Management
