The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system. It covers the development of the kidney, bladder, urethra, and gonads.
The kidney develops from the metanephric mesoderm and ureteric bud. The ureteric bud forms the collecting system including the ureter, renal pelvis and calyces. The metanephric mesoderm forms the excretory units.
The gonads develop from the genital ridges in both male and female embryos. In males, testes develop from the ridges under the influence of SRY and AMH. In females, in the absence of these factors, the ridges form ovaries.
The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system. It covers the development of the kidney, bladder, urethra, and gonads.
The kidney develops from the metanephric mesoderm and ureteric bud. The ureteric bud forms the collecting system including the ureter, renal pelvis and calyces. The metanephric mesoderm forms the excretory units.
The gonads develop from the genital ridges in both male and female embryos. In males, testes develop from the ridges under the influence of SRY and AMH. In females, in the absence of these factors, the ridges form ovaries.
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Embryology of the urogenital system guidance PowerPoint presentation
The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system. It covers the development of the kidney, bladder, urethra, and gonads.
The kidney develops from the metanephric mesoderm and ureteric bud. The ureteric bud forms the collecting system including the ureter, renal pelvis and calyces. The metanephric mesoderm forms the excretory units.
The gonads develop from the genital ridges in both male and female embryos. In males, testes develop from the ridges under the influence of SRY and AMH. In females, in the absence of these factors, the ridges form ovaries.
The document discusses the embryology of the urogenital system. It covers the development of the kidney, bladder, urethra, and gonads.
The kidney develops from the metanephric mesoderm and ureteric bud. The ureteric bud forms the collecting system including the ureter, renal pelvis and calyces. The metanephric mesoderm forms the excretory units.
The gonads develop from the genital ridges in both male and female embryos. In males, testes develop from the ridges under the influence of SRY and AMH. In females, in the absence of these factors, the ridges form ovaries.
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EMBRYOLOGY OF
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
ONANUGA I.O. (PhD)
KIDNEY SYSTEM Transverse section through the urogenital ridge in the lower thoracic region of a 5-week embryo showing formation of an excretory tubule of the mesonephric system. Note the appearance of Bowman’s capsule and the gonadal ridge. The mesonephros and gonad are attached to the posterior abdominal wall by a broad urogenital mesentery. B. Relation of the gonad and the mesonephros. Note the size of the mesonephros. The mesonephric duct (wolffian duct) runs along the lateral side of the mesonephros. METANEPHRIC SYSTEM: the kidney develops from two sources: metanephric mesoderm, which provides excretory units; and the ureteric bud, which gives rise to the collecting system. METANEPHRIC SYSTEM CONT’ The ureteric bud gives rise to • The ureter, • the renal pelvis, • the major and minor calyces, and • approximately 1 million to 3 million collecting tubules. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Development of a metanephric excretory unit. Arrows, the place where the
excretory unit (blue) establishes an open communication with the collecting system (yellow), allowing flow of urine from the glomerulus into the collecting ducts. MOLECULAR REGULATION OF KIDNEY DEV. ASCENT OF KIDNEY
Ascent of the kidneys. Note the change in position between the mesonephric and metanephric systems. The mesonephric system degenerates almost entirely, and only a few remnants persist in close contact with the gonad. In both male and female embryos, the gonads descend from their original level to a much lower position. Defects
A and B. A complete and a partial double ureter. C. Possible sites of
ectopic ureteral openings in the vagina, urethra, and vestibule. ABNORMAL POSITION OF KIDNEYS
Unilateral pelvic kidney showing the position of the adrenal gland
on the affected side. Defects • Wilms’ tumor is a cancer (due to mutation of WT1 gene) of the kidneys that usually affects children by 5 years of age but may also occur in the fetus. • WAGR syndrome is characterized by aniridia, hemihypertrophy and Wilms’ tumor. • Denys-Drash syndrome consists of renal failure, pseudohermaphrodism, and Wilms’ tumor. • Renal dysplasias and agenesis Multicystic dysplastic kidney (undifferentiated cells) Renal agenesis (uni/bilateral, renal failure) Potter sequence (anuria, oligohydramnios, and hypoplastic lungs secondary to the oligohydramnios). • Congenital polycystic kidney Autosomal recessive (cysts from collecting duct) Autosomal dominant (all segments of nephron) • Duplication of ureter (Partial r complete) BLADDER AND URETHRA BLADDER AND URETHRA CONT’ BLADDER AND URETHRA CONT’ Urachal anomalies DEVELOPMENT OF GONADS
Figure 14.17 A. Relation of the genital ridge and the mesonephros showing location of the mesonephric duct. B. Transverse section through the mesonephros and genital ridge at the level indicated in A. DEVELOPMENT OF GONADS CONT’ DEVELOPMENT OF GONADS CONT’ DEVELOPMENT OF TESTIS DEVELOPMENT OF GONADS CONT’ DEVELOPMENT OF OVARY DEVELOPMENT OF GENITAL DUCTS Molecular Regulation of Genital Duct Development DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GENITAL DUCTS DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL DUCTS DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL DUCTS DEV. OF UTERUS AND VAGINA DEV. EXTERNAL GENITALIA
Figure 14.32 A and B. Indifferent stages of the external genitalia. A. Approximately 4 weeks. B. Approximately 6 weeks. C. Scanning electron micrograph of the external genitalia of a human embryo at approximately the seventh week. AF, anal fold; arrowhead, anal opening; GS, genital DEV. MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA DEV. FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA DESCENT OF TESTIS
Figure 14.40 Descent of the testis. A. During the second month. B. In the middle of the third month. Peritoneum lining the coelomic cavity evaginates into the scrotal swelling, where it forms the vaginal process (tunica vaginalis). C. In the seventh month. D. Shortly DESCENT OF TESTIS, ASS. ANOMALIES ANOMALIES SEX DIFFERENTIATION DEFECTS. Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) Gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome), pt mutaion of SRY gene. Turner’s syndrome (45, X) Hermaphrodites (Ovotestis) • Male pseudohermaphroditism • Female pseudohermaphroditism Androgen insensitivity syndrome (Testicular ferminization). GENITAL DEFECT Hypospadias Epispadia Extrophy of bladder Micropenis Bifid or double penis Congenital Inguinal hernia & hydrocele Cryptorchidism Duplication of Uterus Uterus bicornis and/or with Unicollis Atresia of the cervix ANOMALIES CONT’ ANOMALIES CONT’ ANOMALIES CONT’ ANOMALIES ANOMALIES ANOMALIES OF UTERUS AND VAGINA
