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Introduction of Android

Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications for mobile devices. It includes core applications like email, SMS, calendar, maps, and a browser. Applications are written in Java and run in their own process using the Dalvik virtual machine. The software stack relies on Linux for core system services and includes libraries, frameworks, and APIs that allow applications to access common resources and functionality. Development is supported by Android Studio, which allows building, debugging, and testing applications using virtual devices.

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546 views30 pages

Introduction of Android

Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware, and key applications for mobile devices. It includes core applications like email, SMS, calendar, maps, and a browser. Applications are written in Java and run in their own process using the Dalvik virtual machine. The software stack relies on Linux for core system services and includes libraries, frameworks, and APIs that allow applications to access common resources and functionality. Development is supported by Android Studio, which allows building, debugging, and testing applications using virtual devices.

Uploaded by

Himanshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Android

Introduction
Platform Overview

1
The Maturing Mobile
Experience

 Tomorrow?
The Maturing Mobile
Experience
Android vs. Competitors
What is Android?

 Android is a software
stack for mobile devices
that includes an
operating system,
middleware and key
applications.

5
Android Versions
Codename Version Released API Level

Android History
Honeycomb 3.0 - 3.2.6 Feb 2011 11 - 13
and
Platform Versions
Ice Cream 4.0 - 4.0.4 Oct 2011 14 - 15 for more and
Sandwich
earlier versions
Jelly Bean 4.1 - 4.3.1 July 2012 16 - 18
before 2011

KitKat 4.4 - 4.4.4 Oct 2013 19 - 20

Lollipop 5.0 - 5.1.1 Nov 2014 21 - 22

Marshmallow 6.0 - 6.0.1 Oct 2015 23

Nougat 7.0 Sept 2016 24

6
OHA (Open Handset
Alliance)
A business alliance consisting of 47
companies to develop open standards
for mobile devices

7
Phones

HTC G1,
Droid, Motorola Droid (X)
Tattoo

Suno S880 Samsung Galaxy Sony Ericsson

8
Tablets

Velocity Micro Cruz Gome FlyTouch Acer beTouch

Toshiba Android Cisco Android Tablet


Dawa D7 SmartBook

9
Architecture

10
Android S/W Stack -
Application

 Android provides a set of core applications:


 Email Client
 SMS Program
 Calendar
 Maps
 Browser
 Contacts
 Etc

 All applications are written using the Java language.

11
Android S/W Stack –
App Framework

 Enabling
and simplifying the reuse of
components
 Developers have full access to the same
framework APIs used by the core applications.
 Users are allowed to replace components.

12
Android S/W Stack –
App Framework (Cont)
 Features
Feature Role
View Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text
System boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser
Content Enabling applications to access data from other
Provider applications or to share their own data
Resource Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings,
Manager graphics, and layout files)
Notification Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the
Manager status bar
Activity Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing
Manager a common navigation backstack

13
Android S/W Stack -
Libraries

 Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by


components of the Android system
 Exposed to developers through the Android
application framework

14
Android S/W Stack -
Runtime

 Core Libraries
 Providing most of the functionality available in
the core libraries of the Java language
 APIs
 Data Structures
 Utilities
 File Access
 Network Access
 Graphics
 Etc 15
Android S/W Stack –
Runtime (Cont)
 Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Providing environment on which every Android
application runs
 Each Android application runs in its own process,
with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.
 Dalvik has been written such that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently.

 Register-based virtual machine

16
Android S/W Stack –
Runtime (Cont)
 Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont)
 Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
 .dex format is optimized for minimal memory
footprint.
 Compilation

 Relying on the Linux Kernel for:


 Threading
 Low-level memory management

17
compiled to Dalvik
bytecode
Write
Write app
app in
in Java
Java
Compiled
Compiled in
in Java
Java

Transformed
Transformed to
to Dalvik
Dalvik bytecode
bytecode

Loaded
Loaded into
into Dalvik
Dalvik VM
VM

Linux OS

Bruce Scharlau, University of Aberdeen,


Android S/W Stack – Linux
Kernel

 Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services


 Memory and Process Management
 Network Stack
 Driver Model
 Security
 Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest
of the S/W stack

19
Android Studio
● Official Android IDE
● Develop, run, debug,
test, and package
apps
● Monitors and
performance tools
● Virtual devices
● Project views
● Visual layout editor

20
21
Step1

My Application

22
Step2

23
Step3

24
Step4

25
Step4 Conti………

26
Step5
(Text view of Activity_main.xml)

27
AVD(Android Virtual
Device)

28
New ADV

29
Android Emulator

30

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