Performance Task #2
Your school was invited to join in
National Youth Commission (NYC)
Research Festival. This contest tries to
showcase Filipino values, culture and
tradition across the archipelago thru
research. Principal chose your group to
represent the school in the said
competition. As what guidelines by
NYC, you have to conduct a case study
on unwritten rules that your
community possessed.
At the end of the lesson the student
should be able to:
Identify norms and values to be
observed in interacting with others in
society, and the consequences of
ignoring these rules
Assess the rules of social interaction to
maintain stability of everyday life and
the role of innovation in response to
problems and challenges
Recognize the value of human rights
and promote common good
EDIVANEC
GUESS THE JUMBLED LETTERS BASE ON THE PICTURES ABOVE…
DEVIANCE
IOYMFNRCITO
GUESS THE JUMBLED LETTERS BASE ON THE PICTURES ABOVE…
CONFORMITY
Conformity
and
Deviance
Conformity
behavior in accordance with socially accepted
conventions or standards
a type of social influence involving a change in
belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group.
simply defined as “yielding to group pressures”
change is in response to real (involving the
physical presence of others) or imagined
(involving the pressure of social norms /
expectations) group pressure
C ONFORMIT
is an act of
Y submitting oneself
to the norms and
conventions of a
society.
EXAMPLES OF CONFORMITY
01 Following Rules
02 Changing Eating Habits
03 Completing Education
Deviance
departing from usual or accepted
standards, especially in social or sexual
behavior
a behavior that violates expected rules
and norms
is looked at in terms of group processes,
definitions, and judgements, and not just
as unusual individuals or personal acts
any behavior that the members of a social
group define as a violating the established
social norms.
For example:
Polygamy is moral and proper as well as
legal among the Muslims, but not among the
Christians; incest is an acceptable practice
among some primitive tribes, but is strongly
abhorred by many, if not all, civilized people.
EVIANC
DE
is a behavior, trait, belief, or
other characteristic that
violates a norm and causes
a negative reaction.
The definition of deviance
varies widely across cultures,
time, and situations.
EXAMPLES OF DEVIANCE
01 Breaking rules
02 Not meeting expectations
03 Drug addiction
Variability of
Deviance
“What is deviant to one group may not be
considered deviant to another.”
1. The study of why people violates laws or
norms.
2. The study of how society reacts to this
violations.
Traditionally, deviance is defined as
“violations of the norm”. There was
a time when people believe that
criminals were born, not made and
the criminal tendencies were
biologically given, not learned.
Cesare Lombroso
was an Italian
criminologist
and physician,
founder of the
Italian School of
Positivist
Criminology,
often referred to
as the father of
criminology
Theory of anthropological criminology
essentially stated that criminality was
inherited, and that someone "born
criminal" could be identified by
physical (congenital) defects, which
confirmed a criminal as savage or
atavistic.
Deviance and the Social
Paradigms Basic Basis of
Assumptions Interpretation
Structural Deviance Deviance
Functionalism promotes performs
unity, serves Important
as a moral functions in
compass, the overall
and provides operations of
Opportunitie society
s where there
are none.
Paradigms Basic Basis of
Assumptions Interpretation
Historical Deviance is a Is a form of
Conflict result of civic action. It
Unequal aims to rectify
distribution of the unfair and
Social unjust
desirables and syndromes of
life chances. Social
inequality.
Paradigms Basic Basis of
Assumptions Interpretation
Critical Is a result of the We are helping
Interpretivism exercise of these entities
power. Symbols maintain their
and ideas are Privileged
manipulated by positions in
powerful people society
in the society in
order to protect
their economic
and political
interest
Theoretical
Interpretations of
Deviance
Structural Strain Theory
ROBERT MERTON
Robert
(1957)
Merton Offered a “side-
byside”
formulation of
conformity and
deviance.
He developed the
structural strain
theory
Strain refers to the discrepancies
between culturally defined goals and
the institutionalized means available
to achieve these goals.
This theory traces the origins of
deviance to the tensions that are
caused by the gap between cultural
goals and the means people have
available to achieve those goals
Culture- establishes goals for people
Social structure -provides (or fails to
provide) the means for the people to achieve
those goals.
Merton started with “goals” (i.e., economic
success) set by society for its member to
reach and “means” (i.e., opportunities) it
provided them to do so. At times, society fails
to provide the necessary, timely and
appropriate means. It is when goals and
means are not in balance with each other that
deviance is likely to occur.
Merton classified people into five
general categories with regards to
their relationship to culturally
accepted goals and their means to
achieving those goals:
Five General Categories
CONFORMISTS
a person who conforms to
accepted behavior or
established practices.
RITUALISTS
A person who do not believe in the
established cultural goals of society,
but they do believe in and abide by
them means for attaining those
goals.
are those accept the culturally
approved goals but disregard the
institutional means to achieve them.
Example of Ritualists
a religious fanatic
an employee who reports to
works but does nothing about it.
INNOVATORS
are those individuals that accept
the cultural goals of society but
reject the conventional methods of
attaining those goals
are those accept the culturally
approved goals but disregard the
institutional means to achieve
them
Examples of Innovators
Government officials and low-
wage earners who commit graft
and corruption to achieve a
higher standard of living.
RETREATISTS
Who reject both the cultural
goals and the accepted means
of attaining those goals
Examples:
drug addicts, hippies,
alcoholics
REBELS
They are not only reject both the
established cultural goals and the
accepted means of attaining those
goals
They substitute new goals and new
means of attaining these goals
Examples:
Rebel soldiers and New People Army
GROUP ACTIVITY
Share ideas…
Give situations and
explanations when
CONFORMITY becomes
NEGATIVE and DEVIANCE
becomes POSITIVE.
explains why people's behavior
clashes with social norms.
holds that deviance is not inherent to
an act, but instead focuses on the
tendency of majorities to negatively
label minorities or those seen as
deviant from standard cultural
norms.
Labeling theory holds that deviance is not
inherent to an act, but instead the result of
the externally-imposed label of "deviant".
Labeling theory takes the view that people
become criminals when labeled as such and
when they accept the label as a personal
identity.
Social Control
Theory
-developed by Travis Hirschi
-according to this theory, people care
about what others think of them and
conform to social expectations
because their attachments to others
and what others expect of them
this theory also suggests that most
people probably feel some impulse
towards deviant behavior at some
time, but their attachment to
social norms prevents them from
actually participating in deviant
behavior.
Social Control
and Deviance
“effective socialization makes
conformity an internally driven
motivation, while externally driven
conformity always engages the
mechanisms of social control”
Specific kinds of deviant
behavior
Infractions of the Sex Code and Laws
Infractions on Life, Liberty, Property
and against the state
Infractions against Self (Victimless
Crime)
Infractions of the Sex
Code and Laws
Rape Sexual perversions
Prostitution Homo sexuality
White slavery Transvestism
Pre-marital relations
Sexual harassment
Live-in relations
Polygamy
Extra-marital
Adultery relations
Concubinage Pornography
Infractions on Life, Liberty,
Property and against the
state
Abortion Graft and
Child abuse
corruption
rebellion/mutiny
Wife battering
plunder/ economic
Violations of sabotage
human rights piracy
Juvenile white-collar crime
delinquency
organized crime/
Vandalism syndicates
Criminality
Infractions against Self
(Victimless Crime)
Illegal gambling
alcoholism
suicide
drug abuse
runaways
mendicancy or beggary
prostitution
smoking
mental and psychological aberrations
curfew, loitering
Theories of Deviant
Behavior
Social Pathology
Biological Theory
Psychological Theory
Social Disorganization Theory
Labeling Theory
Anome Theory or Structural Stress
Theory
Value Conflict Theory
Social Pathology
Causes: Solution:
Deviant behavior is caused
education
by people with actual
physical and mental illness, re-education
malfunctions or deformities.
People who exhibit socially hospitalization
disapproved behavior are
considered the ills or rehabilitation
diseases of the society. imprisonment
Examples:
capital punishment
Drug addiction, mental
illness,
Prostitution and criminality.
Biological Theory
Causes: Solution:
Deviant behavior education
is a result of re-education
aberrant genetic hospitalization
traits in such rehabilitation
cases at mental imprisonment
illness, capital punishment
criminality, and behavior
homosexuality. modification
Psychological Theory
Causes: Solution:
Deviant behavior is
brought about by
deviant impulses Psychiatry
toward sexuality, and
aggression. Psychological
Failure to structure
counseling
ones behavior in an hospitalization
acceptable way,
worries, tensions, rehabiltation
frustrations,
traumatic shock therapy
experiences, exposure
to models of violent
behavior
Social Disorganization Theory
Causes: Solution:
Deviant behavior is Modification or
caused by the
breakdown of the
rehabilitation in
norms, laws, mores, the part of the
and other important system which
values of people. suffers from
Society is viewed as disorganization.
a social system with
interdependent part
that have special
functions to perform
for the organization of
the system.
Labeling Theory
Causes: Solution:
Behaviors are Relabeling and
labeled or tagged delabeling certain
as proper , moral people as criminals
or immoral, good , prostitutes,
or bad. homosexuals,
schizophrenic, etc.
they are in turn
once considered as
sanctioned by deviant.
ostracism and
punishment.
Anome Theory or
Structural Stress Theory
Causes: Solution:
The social structure plays
a significant influence in Giving access to
the sense that it prompts approved goals
people to engage in
deviant behavior. equal opportunity
Many people expect to for all.
have a job, but the
economy may not provide
enough jobs for
everybody.
Thus, a jobless job-seeker
may resort to illegitimate
or illegal means to achieve
his goals.
Value Conflict
Theory
Causes: Solution:
Conflicting values, Equating or
vested interests and balancing the power
scarce resources between conflicting
between conflicting individuals or groups
individuals or groups through collective
cause deviant behavior,
bargaining CBA
Capitalists vs workers
peace negotiations
AFP vs NPA
truce
Christians vs Muslims
ceasefire and sharing
Liberal vs Nacionalista
power
Sanctions as
means of Social
Control
Sanctions
Refer to systems of reward and
punishment in order to ensure that
norms are followed and expectation
met.
Rewards are positive sanctions
for those who behave properly
Punishments are negative for
those who behave improperly
Formal Sanctions
Are used for violations of formalized
norms in organizations or
associations and carried out by
people with legal and moral
authority to enforce them.
Examples:
Penal laws, fines, death penalty
Formal Sanctions
includes:
Government Sanctions
Business groups sanctions
Church or religious group
sanctions
Clubs and civic
organizations sanctions
Government Sanctions
In the forms of penal or criminal
laws , administrative codes, civil
rules and religious, statuses,
ordinances, scrolls, certificate and
plaques of merits and recognition
for exemplary services.
Business groups
sanctions
In the forms of promotions,
bonuses, certificates of merits,
citation or awards, suspensions and
expulsion.
Church or religious
group sanctions
In the forms of promises of salvation
or a future state of euphoria,
penance, withholding of religious
services at death, or
excommunication.
Clubs and civic
organizations sanctions
In the forms of awards and citations
for achievement and meritorious
service, or fines, temporary
suspension of membership or
expulsion from the organization.
Informal Sanctions
Are gossip, unfavorable or favorable
public opinion, giving or withdrawing of
affection, love or friendship; verbal
admiration or criticism, reprimands on
verbal commendations.
Informal sanctions
include:
Pakikisama or concession
gossip, ridicule, ostracism, reprimands
favorable and unfavorable public
opinion
bestowal or denial of affection
Approval and praise
mob violence
HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS
AND THE COMMON GOOD
HUMAN RIGHTS- are legal, social and
ethical principles that consider the
human person as deserving of liberties
and protection by virtue of his or her
human dignity.
HUMAN DIGNITY- is an intangible idea
of one’s self respect, self esteem and
self regard.
Dignity
Refers to the idea that a person has
the innate right to be valued,
respected, and treated well.
30 BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS LISTED IN THE
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS CREATED BY THE UNITED
NATIONS:
1. WE ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL. We
are all born free. We all have our own
thoughts and ideas. We should all be
treated in the same way.
2. DON’T DISCRIMINATE. These rights
belong to everybody whatever our
differences.
3.THE RIGHT TO LIFE. We all
have the right to life and to live
in freedom and safety.
4.NO SLAVERY. – past and
present. Nobody has any right
to make us a slave. We cannot
make anyone our slave.
5.NO TORTURE. Nobody has any
right to hurt us or to torture us.
6.WE ALL HAVE THE SAME
RIGHT TO USE THE LAW. I am a
person just like you.
3.We are all protected by the law.
4.Fair treatment by fair courts.
5.No unfair detainment.
6.The right to trial
7.Innocent until proven guilty.
8.The right to privacy.
9.Freedom to move.
10.The right to assylum.
11.The right to a nationality.
12.Marriage and family.
13.The right to own things.
19.Free to say what you want.
20.Meet where you like.
21.The right to democracy.
22.The right to social security.
23.Worker’s right.
24.The right to play
25.The right to a good life.
26.The right to education.
27.Culture and copyright.
28.A free and fair world.
29.Our responsibilities.
30.Nobody can take away these rights and
freedom from us.
PROMOTING AND PROTECTING THE
COMMON GOOD
-Is the supreme goal of the
government or the state.
COMMON GOOD
- Is the sum total of the
conditions of social life
which enable people to
enjoy basic
human rights as a member
of the society.
