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pH Meter Basics for Lab Technicians

A pH meter measures the voltage between a pH electrode and a reference electrode placed in a solution to determine the pH value. The pH electrode, often made of glass, is permeable to hydrogen ions and generates a voltage proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration. The voltage difference between the two electrodes corresponds to the pH value on a scale of 1-14. A pH meter must be calibrated using standard buffer solutions of known pH to ensure accurate readings. Applications of pH meters include monitoring bacterial growth, chromatography processes, chemical reactions, and drug dissolution.

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Abhitav Tiwari
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236 views10 pages

pH Meter Basics for Lab Technicians

A pH meter measures the voltage between a pH electrode and a reference electrode placed in a solution to determine the pH value. The pH electrode, often made of glass, is permeable to hydrogen ions and generates a voltage proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration. The voltage difference between the two electrodes corresponds to the pH value on a scale of 1-14. A pH meter must be calibrated using standard buffer solutions of known pH to ensure accurate readings. Applications of pH meters include monitoring bacterial growth, chromatography processes, chemical reactions, and drug dissolution.

Uploaded by

Abhitav Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PH METER

PRESENTED BY –ANNESHA DUTTA


INTRODUCTION OF PH
pH is defined as –Log [H+], where [H+] is molar hydrogen ion
concentration.
Actually pH must be defined in terms of the thermodynamic activity of
the H+ ion and not as molar concentration. Activity depends on the
concentration of other electrolytes present in the solution. However in
biological systems the total ionic strength is always sufficiently low that
the effect of electrolyte concentration on the pH is small enough to be
ignored.
A pH value is a number from 1 to 14, with 7 as the middle (neutral) point.
Values below 7 indicate acidity which increases as the number decreases, 1
being the most acidic. Values above 7 indicate basicity which increases as
the number increases, 14 being most basic.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PH
METER
 A pH meter measures the voltage between two electrode placed in the solution.
Potential of one electrode(pH electrode) is pH dependent.
It is required to know the working of the instrument because several factors can cause the
observed value to differ from the actual value.

The most commonly used pH-dependent:- unit is the glass electrode. The action of this
electrode is based upon the fact that certain types of borosilicate glass are permeable to
H+ ions but not to other cations and anions. Therefore a thin layer(0.05 to0.1mm) of such
glass is interposed between two solution of different H+ ion concentration, H+ ions will
move across the glass from the solution of high to that of low H+ ion concentration.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PH METER
• The magnitude of this potential is given by the following
• Equation

 E is the potential
 R is the gas constant
 F is Faraday constant
 [H+]1 is molar concentration on the inside of the glass
 [H+ ]2is molar concentration on the outside of the glass
 If H+ concentration of one solution is fixed, the potential
will be proportional to the pH of the other solution.
COMBINATION
ELECTRODE
 Sometimes the reference and measuring electrodes are housed
together, This type of electrode is known as Combination
Electrode.
 The combination is dipped in the solution whose pH is to be
measured.
 The output voltage is the difference between the e.m.f.s
generated by the measuring glass electrode and the reference
electrode.
PH  METER CALIBRATION
pH  meter is calibrated to check the sensitivity and deviation from the ideal
behavior of the combined glass electrode using standard buffer solution of
known pH  value.(1.68, 4.01, 7.00, 9.00, 12.45)
1. Multi point calibration
With some pH  meters calibration can be performed for more then two PH
values on both sides of the zero point which in this case is pH  7.00 calibration
at three or more pH values increases the measurement range of the device
without recalibration being required.

2. Two point calibration


In this method , a microprocessor- based pH . meter calculates the real slope
and offset error for the pH  electrode. Based on the information, the meter
mv/pH-equation is then adjusted to match the characteristic of the pH .
electrode in use. The two calibration points bracket the range of values to be
measured so this method is also known as bracketing calibration.
PH IN COMMON SUBSTANCES
APPLICATIONS
• 1. Bacterial growth is pH dependent.
• 2. Chromatography is also depends on the pH of
mobile phase.
• 3. Most inorganic reactions are pH dependent.
• 4. Drug release depends on the pH of dissolution
medium.
• 5. Raw material and product quality control.
THANK YOU

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