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Ppt. Chap.2 Properties of Water

Water is essential for life. It is a polar molecule composed of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Water's polarity allows it to be an excellent solvent for dissolving salts, acids, bases, and other polar molecules. Water's polarity is due to its molecular geometry and the uneven distribution of electrons. Water also has unique properties like hydrogen bonding between molecules that give it a high heat capacity and ability to store heat, both important for biochemical reactions.

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226 views29 pages

Ppt. Chap.2 Properties of Water

Water is essential for life. It is a polar molecule composed of an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Water's polarity allows it to be an excellent solvent for dissolving salts, acids, bases, and other polar molecules. Water's polarity is due to its molecular geometry and the uneven distribution of electrons. Water also has unique properties like hydrogen bonding between molecules that give it a high heat capacity and ability to store heat, both important for biochemical reactions.

Uploaded by

Louie Mercado Panganiban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WATER :

The Solvent for


Biochemical Reactions
What Does Life Require?
Molecule: two or more atoms
held together by chemical
bonds

Example: Water
 Water molecule: two hydrogen

atoms bonded to one oxygen


atom
Molecular Geometry of Water
 refers to the arrangement of atoms within a given
molecules.
 Basic Assumption of VSEPR –

 Electrons in chemical bonds (single, double or triple


bond) and unshared electrons pairs are negative
charge centers that repel each others, they tend to
move as far apart from each other as possible.
 But the presence of lone pair causes deviation,

because lone pair exerts a greater force of repulsion.


The lone pair tends to push bonding pairs closer
together, thereby decreasing the bond towards them.
 Ex. H2O
What Does Life Require?
The Properties of Water
 Water is a polar molecule:

◦ Oxygen side is slightly


negative
◦ Hydrogen side is slightly
positive
◦ Electronegativity = how
strongly the atoms pull
electrons
 When molecules have no
charges, they are nonpolar

Figure 2.4
Electronegativity Values
 Electronegativity – the tendency of an atom to
attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond.

Elcetronegativity Bond Type


Difference
0 Non polar
Up to 1.8 Polar
1.8 and above Ionic
Solvent Properties of Water
2.1 What Does Life Require?
The Properties of Water
 Due to its polarity, water is a good solvent

◦ Solute: what is being dissolved


◦ Solution: the solute in the solvent
Solvent Properties of Water
What Does Life Require?
The Properties of Water
 Hydrogen bond: the weak attraction between

the hydrogen atom of one water molecule


and the oxygen atom of another
 Water molecules tend to stick together:

cohesion
High heat capacity
High heat of vaporization
High heat of fusion
Solvent Properties of Water
Solvent Properties of Water
2.1 What Does Life Require?

The Properties of Water


 Water can dissolve

salts and hydrophilic


(water–loving)
molecules because it
is polar.

Figure 2.6
Solvent Properties of Water
Solvent Properties of Water
Solvent Properties of Water
Solvent Properties of Water
2.1 What Does Life Require?
The Properties of Water
 Water can dissolve acids and bases.

◦ Acid = a substance that donates H+ ions to


solution
◦ Base = a substance that accepts H+ ions
2.1 What Does Life Require?
 The pH scale is a measure of the
relative amounts of acids and
bases in a solution.
◦ pH greater than 7 = basic
◦ Pure water pH = 7 = neutral
◦ pH lower than 7 = acidic

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