GROUP 2 .

POLICE CORRUPTION
MEMBERS:
BALACSAN, ZENDEE ANN B.
INLUBAN, JAO
MERIS, CHRISTIAN
TALABIS,CLYDE
TORREN, CRISCHAN
 A.INTRODUCTION
• It is known the most people can be bought over with the
right price. For thousands of years people who hold a
high position are being bribed and corrupt. In this
research we will be able to expound the different kinds of
Police corruption and strategies in committing corruption.
We will also discuss the levels of corruption and how each
process works. We will also talk over on the different
reasons for police corruption and what makes the corrupt.
Lastly, the different strategies on how to eliminate or
reduce corruption in our way within our police
organization.
  POLICE CORRUPTION

• is the abuse of police officer authority for personal gain

• corruption may involve profit or another type of material benefit
gained illegally as consequence of the officer's authority.
  EFFECTS OF POLICE CORRUPTION

• On People
 Lack of quality and services
 Lack of proper justice
 Chances of unemployment
• On Society
 Lack of faith to the organization
 Lack of respect for rules
 Facilitation of Crimes
 Decrease Public Trust
 Fostering Impunity
• In the Police Department
 No control of misconduct of subordinates by supervisor
 Psychological price for Honest officers to pay
 Lack of development
 Diversion of resources
  STAGES OF POLICE CORRUPTION
• a.) first stage- peer pressure is extremely omportant in the first
stage. the new officer is introduced to corrupt acts by veteran
officers.
• b.) second and third stage- it invovles regulatory offenses, an
officer accepts free drinks from a bar owner and allows the bar to
remain open after the legal closing hours.
• c) final stage- the corrupt acts begin to involve more
serious violation of the law, become more systematic, and
involve larger amouts of money; the officer begins to
initiate corrupt acts.
  LEVEL OF CORRUPTION
• First level- Rotten Apples and Rotten Pockets
-the rotten appels problem is the easiest to control while the rotten
pockets represent far more difficult problems, they involved a
conspiracy among several officers who will not testify against each
other.
• Second level- pervasive unorganized corruption
-corruption reaches a higher degree of intensity when it is a majority
of personnel who are corrupt, but who have little relationshisp to
each other.
• Third level- pervasive organized corruption
-the most serious form of corruption exists at an organized level that
penetrates the higher levels of the department.
  SPECIFIC TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

• tax evasion
• ghost projects and payrolls
• evasion of public bidding in the awrding of contracts
• the practice of passing contracts from one contractor to another
• nepotism and favoritism
• extortion
• tong or protection money
• the lagay system or bribery
• Tax Evasion-particularly in the private sector due to the refusal of
those engaged in private business honestly declare their annual
income and to pay the corresponding taxes to the government
• Ghost projects and Payroll- this practice is rampant in
government agencies involved in formulation and implementation
of programs and projects particularly in infructures and in the
granting of salaries, allowances and pension benefits.
• evasion of public bidding in the awarding of contracts-
government office committees forego the awarding of
contracts through, or award these contracts to favored
business enterprises or contractor.
• The practice of passing contracts from one contractor to
another- contracture have that practice of passing the work from
one contracture to another and in the process certain percentage.
• Nepotism and Favoritism- government officials particularly those
occupying high positions tend to cause the appointment of
relatives and close friend to government position even if they are
not qualified or eligible to discharge the functions of that office.
• Extortion- this is rampant in agencies issuing clearances and
other documents, those involved in the recruitment of personnel,
or those performing services that directly favor ordinary citizens.
• Tong or Protection Money- it is a form of bribery which is done
by citizens performing illegal activates and operation. they deliver
huge amount of money to government officials particularly to
those in charge of enforcing the law in exchange for unhampered
illegal operation.
• The lagay system or bribery- the most frequently employed
method is offering a considerable amount of money to a
government official who can facilitate the issuance of the desired
documents in agencies issuing licenses, permits, clearances, and
those agencies deputized to make decision on particular issues.
  general types of police corruption in the Philippines

• 1) Gratuities
- these are small tips or discounts on goods purchased. in many
communities, some prohibits gratuities, while others do not.
• 2) Taking Bribes
- the payment of money or other consideration to police officers with
intent to subvert the aims of the CJS.
• According to Walker, bribe may take 2 forms;
(1) the PAD
- periodic payments to the police to overlook
continuing criminal
enterprise.
(2) the SCORE
- a one time payment to avoid arrest for illegal
conduct.
 3) Theft or robbery
- the taking or property by the police while performing their duties, is
another form of corruption.
4) Internal Corruption
- officers pay members of their department for special assignment or
promotion.
  common form of police corruption:

• Case Fixing
subjective imposition of penalties or downright sabotage of the
investigation procession exchange for money or other things for
personal gain.
• Bribery
Receipts of cash or a gift in exchange for past or future assistance
in avoidance of prosecution.
• Extortion
Common practice of holding "steel court" where incidents
as minor traffic tickets can be avoided with a cash payment
the other officer and no receipt given.
•Protection
Taking money or other rewards from vice operators or from
legitimate companies operated illegally return for protecting
them from law enforcement activity.
•Selective enforcement
Occurs when police officer exploit their officer's discretion.
•Internal Pay-offs
Sale of work assignments, days offs holidays, vacations
and even promotions.
  Reasons for Police Corruption
• There are lists of constant and variable factors that, when
combined, often lead to police corruption. The constant
factors consist of the following:
 Discretion
- Discretion are both bad and good qualities. If used
correctly discretion should not be a problem, but when
taken advantage of discretion is a huge problem.
  Low managerial visibility
-Officers do a majority of their work with very supervision.
The managers are not there watching over their shoulder to
make sure they are doing everything correctly.
 Low public visibility
- A majority of what an officer does is not seen by the public.
 Peer group secrecy
- Officers have a strong bond with one another. Internal
solidarity and secrecy are large part of police culture.
  Managerial secrecy
- Most managers have worked their way up from an entry
level and had a lot of values in common with those they
manage.
 Status problems
- Police officers are often underpaid compared to the
amount of power they have.
 Association with lawbreakers/ contact with temptation
- Police are always coming into contact with people who
break the law and may have an access to resources.
( Newbourn, 1999)
  Strategies to Eliminate Police Corruption

• Controlling police corruption involves two main task. First,

prevent it from occurring in the first place. Second, reduce
and eliminate it once it exists. There are two main
approaches to the control of police corruption: internal
and external.
• Internal approaches takes place within the department
and generally are more effective when the problem is not
too serious. Some internal approaches include:
 Strengthening police leadership - the chief and top
administrators have to clearly and publicly show their
commitment to anti-corruption policies.
 Developing clear written policies and procedures that
"draw the line" and make it clear to the officers and the
community what behaviors are and are. Not acceptable.
Violations of policies must be followed up with disciplinary
action. The problem here is often where exactly to draw
the line.
 Focus on administrative control. The dept environment
must be changed to emphasize an anti- corruption
stance. This involves increased supervision of line
officers, giving supervisors increased responsibility for
combating corruption, and eliminating dept practices that
encourage corruption (e.g., arrest quotas).
 Departments need to develop and/or expand their internal
affairs division ( IAD), with an increased focus on internal
corruption investigations.
 Finally, put more emphasis on corruption control at the
selection and training phase of policing. This would
include greater focus on each applicant's integrity
recruitment phase (background checks, integrity test, and
polygraph test) as well as providing more anti- corruption
and ethics training at the academy.
• External approaches are activities by other agencies. This
becomes necessary when miss conduct has so pervaded
department that some sort of independent and unbiased
control is needed.
• External approaches include:
 .Set up watchdog groups and special investigations. Use
external and politically independent commission to
investigate corruption. Because they are not part of the
department, hopefully they will be unbiased and not
influenced by corruption in the dept. The problem with
this, is that because the members of the commission are
not police officers, they may not understand how policing
really works.
 The courts could act as a greater mechanism of police
accountability. Officers who violate the law may be
subjective to criminal prosecution. Of course, his only
deals with individual corrupt officers, not the problems
department that led to the corruption.
 Use the mass media to expose corruption, mobilize public
opinion, and chief with support for anti- corruption policy
which may be unpopular with officers.
 Increase citizen involvement. Some departments have
civilian review boards or oversight committees who
monitor the dept and review allegations of police
misconduct. They work separately from but parallel to
IAD.
 Change the political environment. If corrupt politicians are
forced out of office or encouraged to retire, and replaced
with non- corrupt ones, a political climate that does not
support corruption may develop and spread to the police
as well as elected officials.
THANK YOU

AND
GODBLESS