THIRD MEETING:

Theory, Practice and Discussion

Agreement & Modification

1.Chapter 2.4: Agreement (p.94-98)

2.Chapter 2.9: Modification (p.128- 132)
1. Chapter 2.4:Agreement

Subject – Verb Agreement

A. Modifiers (keterangan) do not affect the
number of the verb.
• The manager, along with his team, wants to
hold a brainstorming (problem solving) session.
B. Expression of time, distance, price, and weight
need a singular verb. (is, was, has,
sings,pays,etc.)
• $20 is too much to spend on lunch everyday.
C. With fractions or their equivalents, the noun in
the of -phrase determines the number of the
verb.
• Two-thirds of the land has been sold.
• Two-thirds of the products have been sold
D. The number of the verb is determined by what
is next to it in sentences with either A or B or
neither A nor B
Note: When the Subject begins with not only
A but (also)B or B as well as A, the
number of the verb is determined by B
Adjective/Determiner-Noun Agreement
Modifiers and the noun modified by them agree in
number.
 this/that book --- these/those books
 every contract --- all contracts
 another file --- several files
 each car --- most cars
Note: Every and another may be followed by either a
singular or a plural noun in expressions regarding
time or distance.
o every day/mile -- every two days/miles
o another week/mile -- another two weeks/miles
Noun-Pronoun Agreement
Pronouns including reflexives (myself, yourself,
himself,herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves) must agree with their antecedant in
number.
 The members of John’s department are early
risers; they rise at 6 a.m (not it)
 Anita is tall, and she is also very pretty.
Tomi is handsome, but he is lazy.
 They advised her to take care of herself.
 We advised them to take care of themselves.
Exercises
A. Incomplete Sentences
Choose the word or phrase that best complete the
sentence.
1. Data analysis ___ one of my favorite areas at work.
(A) be (B) to be (C) is (D) are
2. There are some books on the table, the pages of which
___torn.
(A) has (B) have (C) has been (D) have been
3. A third of the employees ___passed the core values test.
(A) has been (B) have (C) has (D) have been
4. The bus ___here every 30 minutes
(A) come (B) has come (C) comes (D) have come
B. Text Completion:Choose the best word
or phrase for each blank.
World famous folk singer, Daniel Matthews, ___with the
Smallville Choir, will give a small concert in the main lobby on
August 27th.
1. (A) next (B) along (C) by (D) for
Mr. Matthews will perform songs from his new CD, Voices from
Heaven. Tickets are limited, so ___fans who missed his last
concert should hurry!
2. (A) every (B) another (C) all (D) each
Tickets go on sale on June 30th. All proceeds from the concert
will go to charity. Call the Smallville Arts Hall at 021-333-0999
for more information.
C. Vocabulary Use: Fill in the blank with
appropriate word.
1. The merger has been _____in the newspapers.
(A) said (B) told (C) pronounced
(D) announced
2. I was ___for speeding on my way to the conference.
(A) fined (B) find (C) found (D) founded
3. I asked them to ___the cost of repairng my car.
(A) estimate (B) account (C) regard (D) predict
4. I wonder if you could ___ a room for me at the hotel.
(A) prospect (B) respect (C) preserve (D) reserve
Part 5 Incomplete Sentences
Mini Test
1. The police ___ waiting for the demonstrators at the next corner when they
arrived.
(A) was (B) has been (C) have been (D) were
2. Several branches of the bank ___special deals for local citizens.
(A) offer (B) are offered (C) offers (D) is offered
3. I decided to get the direct flight because I think five hours __ along time to wait
at the airport for a connecting flight.
(A) are (B) were (C) is (D) was
4. Neither your attitude nor your performance__good enough to justify renewing
your contract.
(A) is (B) are being (C) is being (D) are
5. Climbing mountains ___ how he best likes to spend his time away from the office.
(A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have
6. Both the marketing and payroll__are looking to hire more people for the
summer.
(A)Areas (B) departments (C) fields (D) districts
7. The head of HR, as well as three of his staff members, ___the conference
this weekend.
(B)are attending (B) is attending (C) attends (D) attend
8. Every employee___ to submit vacation requests at least one month in
advance.
(C)Is required (B) are required (C) requires (D) require
9. Three-quarters of the new development___to overseas investors.
(D)Have been sold (B) has been sold (C) has sold
(D) have sold
10. All of the mail that comes into the buildiing ___first sorted in the mail
room.
(E)Are (B) has (C) have (D) is
11. Kobe beef __ the most expensive beef you can buy anywhere in the
world.
(A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have
12. Most of the news that you read on internet news sites is as ___as
possible.
(A) present (B) fashionable (C) trendy
(D) current
13. There is strong evidence that global warning___leading to the increased
elting f glaciers.
(A) is (B) are (C) was (D) were
14. One hur every two weeks ___to adequately discuss new projects.
(A) is too little (B) are too little (C) is all little
(D) are all little
15. The directors in marketing were advised not to produce the campaign
by___ but ignored the warnings.
(A) herself (B) himself (C) themselves (D) ourselves
Chapter 2.9: MODIFICATION
 Determiners
Determiners are articles, possessive pronouns, quantifiers,
numerical adjectives, and demonstraive adjectives that
modify nouns.
• She bought a car with her bonus. (article)
• My book was publihed last week. (possessive pronoun)
• All employees are required to attend the meeting. (qualifier)
• The predent likedthe first proposal. (Numerical adjective)
• I think we should go with this option. (demonstrat9ve
adjective)
 Adjectives
• Adjectives modify nouns and come before or after
a noun.
o No more Canadian products are available here.
(NOT Canada roducts)
o He took every precaution possible
o Note: Adectives nevr agree in number with the
noun.
o He tookamthree-week holiday. (NOT three-
weeks holiday)
o He carried two large files. (NOT two larges
files)
 Adverbs
• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositional phrases, or a sentence.
 she writes skillfully.
 Notes: Linking verbs like sound, feel and seem are
followed by an adjective, NOT an adverb.
 He seems tired. (NOT seems tiredly)
 He is an extremely quick thinker.
 He worked painfully slowly.
 It is a difficult task to finish, even for an expert.
 Basically, she quit because she was not paid enough.
• Note: Even though words like friendly, costly,
deadly, and lively end with the –ly ending,
they are adjectives and NOT adverbs.
 Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases modify a noun or a
verb.
o We always eat lunch at a restaurant near
the office.
o Please complete the form in pen.
EXERCISES
A. Incomplete Sentences
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. He is a very ___person.
(A) society (B) sociable (C) sociably (D) socially
2. These latest figures are ___difficult to interpret.
(A) more terrible (B) terribly (C) terrible
(D) much terrible
3. I have read ___book about investments that you recommended.
(A) a (B) the (C) these (D) some
4. There is no new stock ___the warehouse.
(A) of (B) to (C) with (D) in
B. Text completion
Choose the best word or phrase for each blank.
To: All network engineers
From: Mallory Thomas

I wish to remind all network engineers that the ___changes to the system
will take place this weekend. All network engineers are required to
(A)schedule (B) scheduled (C) schedules (D) to schedule
be present to assist with the changes. Compensation will be paid at
double the usual daily rate. The pay will be effective____
(B) Immediate (B) more immedate (C) immediately (D) most immedately
Any engineer unable to attend must inform hs or her supervisor before
the weekend or may be subject to a temporary reduction in pay.
C. Vocabulary use
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.
1. If you do not follow the conditions in the contract, the
cntract will be____
(A) annuled (B) terminated (C) completed (D) abolished
2. Please____my call at your earliest covenience.
(A) respond (B) phone (C) message (D) return
3. The _____cause of the fire will never be known.
(A) probable (B) probably (C) probability
(D) problematic.
4. I photocopied and ___40 copies of the annal report for the
meeting.
(A) stuck (B) created (C) stapled (D) contacted
PART 5 Incomplete Sentences
Choose the word or phrase that best comletes the sentence.
1. Bernard could not go to the conference, nor did he have ___interest in
attending it.
(A) any (B) little (C) few (D) none
2. Being ____qualified to respond to the questions, the director of
marketin answered the reporter.
(A) almost (B) the most (C) of the more
(D) the mostly
3. Police are looking for the whereabouts of a ___girl named Anna who
was last seen playing in the park.
(A) 7-years-old (B) 7 aged old (C) 7-year-old
(D) 7 ages old
4. I have an interview this afternoon for a ___job at a company.
(A) ever good (B) really good (C) very goodly (D) too goodly
5. Because Ivan was not feeling ___well, he
decided he would go home early and rest.
(A) ever (B) much (C) most (D) very
6. The project has been going well, but I still
have a feeling that ___bad is going to
happen.
(A) some (B) something (C) thing (D) things
7. Your account is 30 days past due, and we ask
that you ___your payment immediately.
(A) remit (B) turn back (C) give (D) hand in
8. The company scarcely had enough money to remain
solvent and could not pay ___employees.
(A) them (B) his (C) its (D) it
9. The ___ information available on the mysterious
offshore company frustrated investigators looking into
the fraud.
(A) little (B) a little (C) few (D) many
10. Maria designed the new company brochures
___
(A) extreme well (B) extremely (C) extreme
(D) extremely well
Part 6 Text Completion
Choose the best word or phrase for each blank.
Questions 1 through 3 refer to the following article.
New Greenham soccer team manager, Ernie Williams, showed that he knows what he
is doing with a great game on Sunday. The players played the game strategically and
scored goal after goal, winning the match 5-0. The ___team tried to score, but New
Greenham’s defense
1. (A) other (B)others (C)another (D)any
did not let the ball anywhere near the net. Their goalkeeper, Mike Allan, also made
some amazing saves, and the crowd cheered as he jumped higher than
seemed_____ .
2. (A) possible (B) possibility (C) possibly (D) it possible
17-year old striker, Greg Flemming, played his first game for the team, and he was an
excellent choice. He was responsible for two of the team’s five goals. We can expect
great things from him if he keeps up this pace. With this good looks there are rumors of
a modeling contract in the near future. Let’s hopethis does not___him from the game.
3. (A)agitate (B) distract (C) mislead (D) prevent