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C

This document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses that C++ is an extension of C that adds object-oriented programming features. It then covers general C++ program structure, keywords, comments, identifiers, compiler directives, and programming style guidelines. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate concepts like basic math operations in C++ and using variables, input/output, and formatting code for readability.

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287 views15 pages

C

This document provides an overview of the C++ programming language. It discusses that C++ is an extension of C that adds object-oriented programming features. It then covers general C++ program structure, keywords, comments, identifiers, compiler directives, and programming style guidelines. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate concepts like basic math operations in C++ and using variables, input/output, and formatting code for readability.

Uploaded by

jassi7nishad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++

SESSION 2019-2020

GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY :
 INTRODUCTION
 General form of a C++ program
 C++ keywords
 Example 0 – adding 2 numbers
 C++ comments
 C++ identifiers
 C++ compiler directives
 Programming Style
 Programming Style (cont. )
 C is a programming language developed
in the 1970's alongside the UNIX
operating system.
 C provides a comprehensive set of
features for handling a wide variety of
applications, such as systems
development and scientific computation.
 C++ is an “extension” of the C language,
in that most C programs are also C++
programs.
 C++, as opposed to C, supports “object-
oriented programming.”
// Program description
#include directives
int main()
{
constant declarations
variable declarations
executable statements
return 0;
}
 Keywords appear in blue in Visual C++.
 Each keyword has a predefined purpose in the
language.
 Do not use keywords as variable and constant
names!!
 The complete list of keywords is on page 673 of the
textbook.
 We shall cover the following keywords in this class:
bool, break, case, char, const, continue,
do, default, double, else, extern, false,
float, for, if, int, long, namespace,
return, short, static, struct, switch,
typedef, true, unsigned, void, while
 Peter: Hey Frank, I just learned how to add two
numbers together.
 Frank: Cool!
 Peter : Give me the first number.
 Frank: 2.
 Peter : Ok, and give me the second number.
 Frank: 5.
 Peter : Ok, here's the answer: 2 + 5 = 7.
 Frank: Wow! You are amazing!

 after Frank says “2”, Peter has to keep this number in his mind.
 after Frank says “5”, Peter also needs to keep this number in his mind.

First number: 2 Second number: 5 Sum: 7


The Corresponding C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int first, second, sum;
cout << "Peter: Hey Frank, I just learned how to add”
<< “ two numbers together."<< endl;
cout << "Frank: Cool!" <<endl;
cout << "Peter: Give me the first number."<< endl;
cout << "Frank: ";
cin >> first;
cout << "Peter: Give me the second number."<< endl;
cout << "Frank: ";
cin >> second;
sum = first + second;
cout << "Peter: OK, here is the answer:";
cout << sum << endl;
cout << "Frank: Wow! You are amazing!" << endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int number_of_pods, peas_per_pod, total_peas;

cout << "Press return after entering a


number.\n";
cout << "Enter the number of pods:\n";
cin >> number_of_pods;
cout << "Enter the number of peas in a pod:\n";
cin >> peas_per_pod;

total_peas = number_of_pods * peas_per_pod;


cout << "If you have ";
cout << number_of_pods;
cout << " pea pots\n";
cout << "and ";
cout << peas_per_pod;
cout << " pea in each pod, then \n";
cout << "you have ";
cout << total_peas;
cout << " peas in all the pods.\n";

return 0;
}
Identifiers appear in black in Visual C++.
◦ An identifier is a name for a variable, constant,
function, etc.
◦ It consists of a letter followed by any sequence of
letters, digits, and underscores.
◦ Examples of valid identifiers: First_name, age,
y2000, y2k
◦ Examples of invalid identifiers: 2000y
◦ Identifiers cannot have special characters in them. For
example: X=Y, J-20, ~Ricky,*Michael are invalid
identifiers.
◦ Identifiers are case-sensitive. For example: Hello,
hello, WHOAMI, WhoAmI, whoami are unique
identifiers.
 Comments appear in green in Visual C++.
 Comments are explanatory notes; they are ignored
by the compiler.
 There are two ways to include comments in a
program:

// A double slash marks the start of a


//single line comment.

/* A slash followed by an asterisk marks


the start of a multiple line comment. It
ends with an asterisk followed by a
slash. */
 Compiler directives appear in blue in Visual C++.
 The #include directive tells the compiler to include
some already existing C++ code in your program.
 The included file is then linked with the program.
 There are two forms of #include statements:
#include <iostream> //for pre-defined files

#include "my_lib.h" //for user-defined files


C++ is a free-format language, which
means that:
 Extra blanks (spaces) or tabs before or after
identifiers/operators are ignored.
 Blank lines are ignored by the compiler just
like comments.
 Code can be indented in any way.
 There can be more than one statement on a
single line.
 A single statement can continue over several
lines.
In order to improve the readability of your program,
use the following conventions:
 Start the program with a header that tells what the
program does.
 Use meaningful variable names.
 Document each variable declaration with a comment
telling what the variable is used for.
 Place each executable statement on a single line.
 A segment of code is a sequence of executable
statements that belong together.
◦ Use blank lines to separate different segments of
code.
◦ Document each segment of code with a comment
telling what the segment does.
THANK YOU

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