INDUS INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
ADF
EFFECT ON LOCAL GEOLOGY DURING BHUJ
EARTHQUAKE-2001
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
PREPARED BY:- GUIDED BY:-
NANDPAL PRASHANT PROF. BHUMIKA PATEL
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INDEX
• Introduction
• Geological deformation
• Local site effects
• Soil/basin effects
• Ridge effect
• Island effect
• Liquefaction
• References
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INTRODUCTION
It have 25km focal depth.
The magnitude of earthquake was 6.6 on Richter scale(according to IMD), and 7.7 on
moment scale( according to us geologic survey).
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INTRODUCTION
13805 people died and more than 167000 were injured.
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GEOLOGICAL DEFORMATION
Analysis of isoseismal map revels that some region have higher
intensity comparted to the surrounding.
Ground fissures, geysers, liquefaction
observed generally in desert areas and heavily
alluviated low land region.
Two big geysers were founded between
Khangarpar and Shrawan Kawara near Ludai
which caused elliptical hole having size 3.4m *
4.3m.
Fissures were generated as a secondary effect
of earthquake and surficial in nature
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LOCAL SITE EFFECT
Most highest intensity of shaking experienced near rupture fault.
Although two site having same distance from rupture fault, intensity of one site can
be 10 times than other site.
Scientist assumed that local geology factor plays main role in this phenomena.
Hence scientist tries to figure out this factors, so intensity at particular site can be
estimated in future earthquake.
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SOIL/BASIN EFFECT
Sever damage during bhuj earthquake caused by the soil/basin effect of the ground
motion characteristics.
Due to low frequency amplification caused by Sabarmati river basin damage of high
rise building in Ahmedabad situated 300kms away from epicentre of earthquake.
D wing of sikhar apartment of Ahmedabad
collapsed to ground in earthquake while 2
storey brick or mud house remain undamaged
or had mild damage such as cracks, due to this
effect due to double resonance effect.
More than 65 buildings having 4 or more
stories suffered from severe damage due to
foundation column failure and declared unsafe.
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SOIL/BASIN EFFECT
Same thing happened in Morbi for
building having more than 3 storey
building.
Effect of unconsolidated soil also
observed in Ludra and Bhawar
village.
This village has damage of VIII
intensity while surrounding
villages had VI intensity.
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RIDGE EFFECT
The ridge effect is observed on the 100m high Ramdev pir hill and kutri village and
sajangarh(Udaipur city) also.
Amplification of the ground motion depends on the slope and the elevation of the
ridge.
Ridge effect occurs at hill area and most highest rock at the bottom of ocean.
Intensity of damage on Ramdev pir hill were observed IX while Hawai village near
Ramdev pir hill were observed VI intensity of damage.
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RIDGE EFFECT
The collapsed temple on the hill,
shifting and uprooting of a water tank,
and displacement and breaking of large
boulders on the hill indicate
amplification of the ground motion and
strong surface wave generation on
Ramdev pir hill near Hawai village.
After computing and analyze the ridge
model of Ramdev pir hill scientist
conclude that this sever damage happen
due to available soft soil.
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ISLAND EFFECT
The island effect of Bhuj earthquake is were observed in the Beyt Dwarka kms away
from Okha port.
The average height of island is about 8m from MSL.
The intensity of shaking in Beyt Dwarka was of the order of VII, while it was only
VI in nearby Okha port
500 years old lord Krishna temple were partially collapsed.
Very old and traditional jetty suffer earthquake in form of falling of parapet and
generating cracks.
More than 50% house of island destroyed while no damage observed on Okha port.
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LIQUEFACTION
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REFRENCES
https://www.wikipedia.org/
https://www.google.co.in/maps
J.P NARAYAN & M.L SHARMA “EFFECTS OF LOCAL GEOLOGY ON
DAMAGE SEVERITY DURING BHUJ, INDIA EARTHQUAKE”, PAPER NO.
2042
PROMOD K SHARMA “THE KUTCH EARTHUAKE 2001, RECOLLECTION,
LESSON & INSIGHT”
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