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INFERTILITY

This document discusses various factors that can cause infertility in both males and females. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex. For males, key factors discussed are limited sperm count, obstruction/impaired sperm motility, and ejaculation problems. For females, factors include limited hormone production, problems with ovulation or egg transport, and uterine/cervical issues. Assisted reproduction techniques like artificial insemination or IVF are options when other causes cannot be identified.

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Kathleen Frugalidad
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109 views20 pages

INFERTILITY

This document discusses various factors that can cause infertility in both males and females. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex. For males, key factors discussed are limited sperm count, obstruction/impaired sperm motility, and ejaculation problems. For females, factors include limited hormone production, problems with ovulation or egg transport, and uterine/cervical issues. Assisted reproduction techniques like artificial insemination or IVF are options when other causes cannot be identified.

Uploaded by

Kathleen Frugalidad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFERTILITY

(Chap 8 pp.163)
 The inability to conceive a child or sustain
a pregnancy to birth
 A couple is said to be infertile if they have
not become pregnant after at least 1 year
of unprotected sex (Subfertility)
Sexual Dysfunction
• Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction
or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by
an individual or a couple during any stage of a
normal sexual activity, including physical
pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or
orgasm.
STERILITY
• The inability to conceive because of a
known condition, such as the absence of
uterus
• Primary Subfertility- no previous
conceptions
• Secondary Subfertility-with previous viable
pregnancy but unable to conceived at the
present
General Factors could affect
• Sexual activity
• Age
• Use of oral contraception
• Position
• Body weight
FACTORS: MALE SUBFERTILITY
(Pilliteri)
• Limited Sperm Count
• Obstruction or Impaired Sperm Motility
• Ejaculation Problems
LIMITED SPERM COUNT
• Sperm Count – the number of sperm in a single
ejaculation or in a milliliter of semen.
• Normal minimum sperm count contains:
-36 or 46 M sperm/milliliter or 50M/ejaculation
-50% should be motile
-30% normal in shape and form
• Temperature of scrotal sac should be
maintained slightly lower than the body
temperature
Causes
• Congenital Abnormalities such as:
CRYPTORCHIDISM and VARICOCELE
• Past Trauma to the testes
• Surgery
• Endocrine imbalance
• Drug and alcohol use
• Exposure to radiation
• Avoid activities than can lower sperm count
• Maintain ideal body weight

• Testing for Sperm Number and Availability


OBSTRUCTION OR IMPAIRED
SPERM MOTILITY
• Obstruction in the pathway such as
sominiferous tubules, epidydymis,vas
deferens, ejaculatory duct, or urethra
Causes
• Mumps/orchitis-testicular inflammation and
scarring
• Epididymitis
• Infections
• Congenital stricture of spermatic duct
• BPH
• Infection of the Prostate
• Congenital Anomalies of the Penis
EJACULATION PROBLEMS
• Inability to achieve an
erection (impotence)
• PRIMARY- a man has never
been able to achieve
erection and ejaculation
• SECONDARY- a man was
able to achieve ejaculation
in the past but now has
difficulty
Causes
• Psychological
problems
• CV accidents
• Parkinson’s diseases
• Use of
antihypertensive
agents
• Use of drug for male
baldness
FACTORS THAT CAUSE FEMALE
SUBFERTILITY
• Limited production of FHS or LH
• Anovulation
• Problems of ova transport FT
• Uterine factors
• Cervical and vaginal factors
• Poor nutrition
UNEXPLAINED SUBFERTILITY
• No known cause
• One partner’s problem is significant
USE OF REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNIQUES
• ALTERNATIVE OR ALTERNATIVE
INSEMINATION- the instillation of sperm from
a mansturbatory sample into the female
reproductive tract by means of a cannula
• Male partner’s sperm
• Donor insemination
In Vitro Fertilization
• Most often used for couples who have not
been able to conceive
• Used for couple whose husband has
oligospermia
• Absence of cervical mucus

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