The function of the digestive system is
digestion and absorption. Digestion is
the breakdown of food into small
DIGESTIVE
molecules, which are then absorbed
into the body. The digestive system is SYSTEM
divided into two major parts: The
digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a
continuous tube with two openings: the
mouth and the anus.
Pigs are non-
ruminant
Definition of non-ruminant
• Single stomach
• Eat feed low in fiber
• Human are also
non-ruminant
Anatomy of the digestive system
Parotid gland- They are the
Salivary
of the glands
Sublingual
Mandibular
largest gland-
gland
salivary –theis
-glands.
There
Each
are
floor parotid
the three
of of
one ofisthese
the wrapped
mouth
the called
major a
around the mandibular ramus,
the
slightparotid,
glands fold
that mandibular
called
provide
and secretes serous saliva
a
the
and
mouth
through sublingual
sublingual
thewithpapilla,
saliva.
parotid ductglands.
form
into
They
thewhich secreteto saliva
the ducts
mouth, of into
the
facilitate
mastication
the mouth. and swallowing
submandibular salivary
and to begin the digestion of
glands open.
starches.
………………………………………
Pars esophagus - The area of the stomach near the entrance of
the esophagus. A common site for the development of ulcers.
Cardia- this is the area of the stomach which directly receives
contents from the esophagus.
Fundus- fundus is the large central portion of the stomach
called the body.
Pylorus- the opening from the stomach into the duodenum
(small intestine).
Small Intestine: long coiled
tube connecting stomach to
large intestine
rest of the digestion and
absorption takes place here
Large Intestine: Cecum, colon,
rectum
absorbs water (makes feces
more solid)
some vitamins and minerals
absorbed here
………………………………………
Gall bladder - An organ attached to the liver which produces bile that helps
in the digestion and absorption of fats.
Bile Duct- It is travels to the small intestine when it is needed to help digest
food.
Pancreas - A gland attached to the duodenum by a tube, which produces
digestive enzymes and insulin.
Duodenum - This is the first part of the small intestine.
Jejunum - The middle part of the small intestine.
Ileum - The terminal part of the small intestine
………………………………………
Caecum - A blind sac, at the beginning of the large intestine.
Colon - The spiral part of the large intestine.
Rectum- The final section of the large intestine, terminating at
the anus.
How are the pig and human
digestive system alike?
Pigs have all of the same thoracic and
abdominal organs as humans. There are small
differences in a few organs. Liver – the human
liver has four lobes: right, left, caudate and
quadrate. ... Intestines – there is a significant
difference in the structure of the fetal pig
colon compared to the human colon.
How long does it take a pig to
digest food?
It thus takes over 24 hours to digest their
vegetarian diet causing its food to be
purified of toxins. In contrast, the swine's
one stomach takes only about 4 hours to
digest its foul diet, turning its toxic food
into flesh.
• Ruminants are those
animals that contain a Cattle are
multi-chambered
digestive system Ruminant
• Cattle gain the majority
of their nutritional needs
from forages and other
roughages.
Forage refers to grasses,
roughages refers to other
high-fiber food sources.
Rumination:
• Ruminants are known for “cud chewing”
• Rumination involves:
Bolus of previously eaten feed carried back into
the mouth by reverse peristalsis
Fluid in bolus is squeezed out with the tongue
and re-swallowed
Bolus is re-chewed and re-swallowed
Ruminant Digestive Tract
STOMACH COMPARTMENTS
Rumen (80% of
capacity)
Reticulum (5% of capacity)
Omasum (7% of capacity)
Abomasum (8% of capacity)
Compartment 1:Rumen
• Rumen – the organ that allows
for bacterial and chemical
breakdown of fiber to gain the
proteins and energy from plant
sources.
Rumen
• The rumen has a very thick, muscular
wall.
It fills most of the left-side of the
abdomen
• In cattle the rumen can have a
capacity of up to 55-65 gallons!
-Normal 25-30 gallons
Rumen Feed Storage
Gas
Today’s Hay
Yesterday’s Feed
Compartment 2: Reticulum
Reticulum - honeycomb-like
interior surface, this part helps to
remove foreign matter from the
food material.
Reticulum - full
Reticulum - cleaned
Compartment 3: Omasum
Omasum Many folds or layers of
muscle called plies.
Works to remove water from the
food.
Compartment 4: Abomasum
• The abomasum is called the True
Stomach, glandular stomach very
similar to the stomach of non-
ruminants.
• This is where the majority of
chemical breakdown of food
material occurs.
• mixes in digestive enzymes
Abomasum
– inside view
