Performance and Efficiency

Test of Refrigeration Plant

Refrigeration System
Components of Refrigeration
Types of Refrigeration
How refrigeration cycle to work?
Refrigeration Performance
Components of a
Refrigeration System
There are five basic components of a refrigeration
system, to conduct the heat from the product In order
for the refrigeration cycle to operate successfully
each component must be present within the
refrigeration system.
Refrigeration System
 Refrigeration is a general term. It describes the process
of removing heat from spaces, objects, or materials and
maintaining them at a temperature below that of the
surrounding atmosphere. To produce a refrigeration
effect, the material to be cooled needs only to be
exposed to a colder object or environment. The heat will
flow in its NATURAL direction-that is, from the warmer
material to the colder material. Refrigeration, then,
usually means an artificial way of lowering the
temperature. Mechanical refrigeration is a mechanical
system or apparatus that transfers heat from one
substance to another.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Compressor
The refrigerant enters the compressor as a warm,
saturated low pressure gas, it is then compressed
within the compressor (hence the name). During
compression, the quantity of fluid remains the same
but the volume decreases, this increases the
pressure and temperature. The refrigerant leaves the
compressor as a superheated (hot) high pressure
gas.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Compressor
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Compressor
The purpose of the compressor is to draw the low-
temperature, low-pressure vapor from the evaporator
via the suction line. Once drawn, the vapor is
compressed. When vapor is compressed it rises in
temperature. Therefore, the compressor transforms
the vapor from a low-temperature vapor to a high-
temperature vapor, in turn increasing the pressure.
The vapor is then released from the compressor in to
the discharge line.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Condenser
The refrigerant enters the condenser as a
superheated (hot) high pressure gas, it dumps its
heat into the air being blown across by the fan, this
drop in temperature condenses the refrigerant. The
refrigerant leaves the condenser as a regular
temperature, saturated high pressure liquid.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Compressor
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Condenser
The purpose of the condenser is to extract heat from
the refrigerant to the outside air. The condenser is
usually installed on the reinforced roof of the building,
which enables the transfer of heat. Fans mounted
above the condenser unit are used to draw air
through the condenser coils.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Expansion Valve
The refrigerant enters the expansion valve as a
regular temperature, saturated high pressure liquid.
The expansion valve will limit how much refrigerant
can pass through at one time, this results in the
refrigerant dropping in pressure and
temperature. The refrigerant leaves the expansion
valve as a cold, saturated low pressure liquid
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Expansion Valve
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Expansion Valve
Within the refrigeration system, the expansion valve
is located at the end of the liquid line, before the
evaporator. The high-pressure liquid reaches the
expansion valve, having come from the condenser.
The valve then reduces the pressure of the
refrigerant as it passes through the orifice, which is
located inside the valve.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Evaporator
The refrigerant enters the evaporator as a cold, low
pressure liquid, the refrigerant begins to boil and
evaporate, this evaporation causes a cooling effect in
the room and the heat is carried away to be dumped
in the condenser after the
compressor. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator as
a warm, saturated low pressure gas.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Evaporator
Components of a
Refrigeration System
The Evaporator
The purpose of the evaporator is to remove
unwanted heat from the product, via the liquid
refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant contained within the
evaporator is boiling at a low-pressure. The level of
this pressure is determined by two factors:
 The rate at which the heat is absorbed from the product to the
liquid refrigerant in the evaporator
 The rate at which the low-pressure vapor is removed from the
evaporator by the compressor.
Components of a
Refrigeration System
Refrigerant
A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid,
used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. In most
cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to
a gas and back again. Many working fluids have
been used for such purposes.
Other common refrigerants used in various
applications are ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and non-
halogenated hydrocarbons such as propane.
Types of a Refrigeration
System
Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR)
Types of a Refrigeration
System
Vapor Compression Refrigeration (VCR) The
simplest explanation of this system is a heat engine working
in reverse, technically referred to as reverse Carnot engine.
In other words, it is the transfer of heat from a cold reservoir
to a hot one. It is a compression process, whose aim is to
raise the refrigerant pressure, as it flows from an evaporator.
The high-pressure refrigerant flows through a
condenser/heat exchanger before attaining the initial low
pressure and going back to the evaporator
Highly compressed fluids tend to get colder when allowed to
expand.
Types of a Refrigeration
System
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration (VAR)
Types of a Refrigeration
System
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System (VAR)
This refrigeration system is different from compression
refrigeration system. In compression refrigeration system we
used a compressor which is run by electricity but absorption
refrigeration system always runs by using a heat source. The
heat firstly produced in the process will be used to provide the
energy which runs the whole process of cooling. It is referred
as a heat operated cycle because most of the energy required
to operate the cycle is heat energy. Vapour Absorption
refrigerators are often used for food storage in recreational
vehicles. the refrigerants used in the vapor absorption
system are ammonia, water and lithium bromide.
Performance Terms and
Calculations
Tons of refrigeration (TR): One ton of refrigeration
is the amount of cooling obtained by one ton of ice
melting in one day: 3024 kCal/h, 12,000 Btu/h or
3.516 thermal kW.

Net Refrigerating Capacity. A quantity defined as

the mass flow rate of the evaporator water multiplied
by the difference in enthalpy of water entering and
leaving the cooler, expressed in kCal/h, tons of
Refrigeration.
Performance Terms and
Calculations
kW/ton rating: Commonly referred to as efficiency,
but actually power input to compressor motor
divided by tons of cooling produced, or kilowatts per
ton (kW/ton). Lower kW/ton indicates higher
efficiency.

Coefficient of Performance (COP): Chiller

efficiency measured in Btu output (cooling) divided
by Btu input (electric power).
Performance Terms and
Calculations
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER): Performance of
smaller chillers and rooftop units is frequently
measured in EER rather than kW/ton. EER is
calculated by dividing a chiller's cooling capacity (in
Btu/h) by its power input (in watts) at full-load
conditions. The higher the EER, the more efficient
the unit
Performance Terms and
Calculations
Thank You!!! Presented By
Group 5

SALES, MA. CHRISTINE JADE PENTINIO

MALICSE, ANGELICA MAE D.
GONZALES, GLACEVER ANGELO R.
(LEADER)
AMOLAR, MELJOHN
CABAEL, OLIVER WAYNE
SILVA, MARK JOSEPH MENDOZA
MAGBOO, JOHN LLYOD